Cells And Tissues Of The Plant Body

Front 1

Meristem

Back 1

greek for division. Active from seed germimation, source of primary plant growth, generate cells giving rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of adult

Hint 1

Growth

Front 2

Apical meristem

Back 2

Located at the tips of all roots and stems

Hint 2

Growth

Front 3

Intials

Back 3

Cells that perpetuate the meristem; divide such that a sister cell remains in the meristem

Hint 3

Growth

Front 4

Deriviatives

Back 4

Cell of initial that becomes a new cell body

Hint 4

Growth

Front 5

Primary growth

Back 5

Extension of the plant body, formation of primary tissues; forms the primary plant body. Roots towards water, shoots toward light. Growth of apical meristems all life span

Hint 5

Growth

Front 6

Development

Back 6

Sum total of events that progressively form an organism's body; from genetic instructions and environmental cues

Hint 6

Development

Front 7

Growth

Back 7

Irreversible increase in size, cell division and cell enlargement

Hint 7

Increase

Front 8

Morphogenesis

Back 8

The shape or form the plant assumes, cell and tissue enlargement

Hint 8

Growth

Front 9

Differentiation

Back 9

The process by which cells with identical genetic potentials become different from one another and from the cells from which they originated. Begins while cell is enlarging

Hint 9

Growth

Front 10

Tissue systems

Back 10

3 basic ones: ground tissue, vascular tissue, dermal tissue

Hint 10

Tissues

Front 11

Ground tissue [simple, composed of 1 cell type]

Back 11

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Hint 11

3

Front 12

Vascular tissue [composed of 2 or more cell types, complex]

Back 12

Xylem, phloem

Hint 12

2

Front 13

Dermal tissue [complex tissue]

Back 13

Epidermis, periderm

Hint 13

2

Front 14

Tissue distribution

Back 14

Characteristic patterns based on the plant part and plant taxon or both, patterns are similar from one plant part to another. Differences between species shows in patterns of the distribution of vascular and ground tissues

Hint 14

Differences

Front 15

Parenchyma

Back 15

Located in cortex, pith of stems and roots, leaf mesophyll, flesh of fruits. Also appear as horizontal strands as rays in secondary vascular tissues. Vertical strands of cells in primary and secondary vascular tissues (primary and secondary xylem and phloem)

Hint 15

Stem

Front 16

Parenchymal cells

Back 16

Capable of dividing. Located in cell walls of most primary tissue (some secondary tissues). Parenchymal cells with primary walls are: active in regeneration and wound healing, initiate adventitous roots on stem cuttings. Also capable of photosynthesis, storage, secretion (all dependant in living protoplasts)

Hint 16

Hurt

Front 17

Collenchyma

Back 17

Discrete strands or cylinders beneath epidermis of stems and petioles. Borders of veins in dicots. Form elongated, unevenly thickened, non-lignified primary cell walls. Soft and pliable. Living at maturity. Support young, growing organs (plant organs: roots, stem, leaves, reproductive structures)

Hint 17

Support/growth

Front 18

Sclereids

Back 18

Short, branched cells. Occur singly or in aggregates in ground tissue. Seed coats, nut shells, stone (endocarp) of stone fruits. Gritty texture in pears are sclereids

Hint 18

Ground

Front 19

Vascular tissue [xylem]

Back 19

Derived from vascular cambium in secondary growth, dead at maturity.

Hint 19

Tissue

Front 20

Tracheary elements

Back 20

Principle conducting cells of xylem

Hint 20

Vascular

Front 21

Vessel elements

Back 21

Absent from gymnosperms. Vessel-like cells evolved independently in seedless vascular plants

Hint 21

Vascular

Front 22

Tracheids

Back 22

Lacks perforations, less specialized type of cell than vessel elements (only water conducting cell in most seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms)

Hint 22

Vascular

Front 23

Vessel elements 2

Back 23

Perforations (areas w/o primary or secondary) walls. Perforation plate. Occur on end walls with vessel elements joined end-to-end -long continuous tubes (vessels)

Hint 23

Holes

Front 24

Tracheid 2

Back 24

Safer for water transport because water flowing from tracheid to tracheid passes through pit membranes (thin, modified primary walls of pit pairs). Pit in a cell wall adjoins a pit in the wall of adjoining cell (two opposite pits plus membrane). Pit membranes can block tiny air bubbles. Air embolisms in angiosperms can block the whole vessel element, enlarge and travel up the xylem

Hint 24

Water transport

Front 25

Phloem

Back 25

Transport sugars, amino acids, lipids, micronutrients, hormones, floral stimulus, proteins, RNAs. "Super-information highway" of the plant

Hint 25

Transport

Front 26

Sieve elements

Back 26

Principle conducting cells; protoplasts of adjacent sieve elements; interconnected; 2 types. "Sieve-elements"-seedless vascular plants, variable in structure

Hint 26

Cells

Front 27

Sieve cells

Back 27

The only food conducting cells of gymnosperms

Hint 27

Food

Front 28

Sieve-tube elements

Back 28

Only in angiosperms. Sieve tubes- end on end. With sieve plates.

Hint 28

Plates

Front 29

Companion cells

Back 29

Specialized parenchyma cells. Develop from the same mother cell as sieve tube elements. Nucleated with organelles. Deliever substances to sieve tube elements. Informational molecules, protien ATP. "Life support system" for sieve tube elements.

Hint 29

Parenchyma

Front 30

Albuminous/Strasburger cells of gymnosperms

Back 30

Not derived from the same mother cell as sieve cells. Nucleated with organelles. Role similar to companion cells of angiosperms.

Hint 30

Cell

Front 31

Epidermis

Back 31

Dermal tissue of leaves, floral parts, fruits and seeds (young stems and roots).

Hint 31

Tissue

Front 32

Guard cells

Back 32

Regulate opening and closing of stomata

Hint 32

Open

Front 33

Trichomes

Back 33

Reflect solar radiation, lower leaf temperature, lower water loss. (Microenvironment), absorption of water and minerals in epiphytes (velamin-epiphytic orchids), defense against insects

Hint 33

Protection

Front 34

Periderm

Back 34

Replaces epidermis in stems and roots of plants that exhibit secondary growth. Cork cambium forms cork on outer surface. Phelloderm forms cork on inner surface

Hint 34

Cork