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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
Separates cells from the surrounding environment by having pores that are selectively permeable |
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What is the cell membrane made of? |
2 phospholipid layers arranged tail to tail in which protein molecules float |
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In terms of water what are the heads of the phospholipid bi-layer? |
Hydrophilic (Love water) |
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In terms of water what are the tails of the phospholipid bi-layer? |
Hydrophobic (Hate water) |
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Why is the arrangement of the phospholipid bi-layer so important? |
Makes the membrane impermeable to most water/lipid soluble molecule |
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What is passive transport? |
When substances can cross a membrane & move DOWN the concentration gradient W/OUT ENERGY |
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What is active transport? |
When substances move UP the concentration gradient using energy from ATP |
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What are mitochondria involved in? |
Aerobic respiration - process by which chemical energy is made available to the cell |
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Where are mitochondria found? |
In the cytoplasm |
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What is the function of Smooth ER? |
Synthesises LIPIDS & STEROID HORMONES Associated w/detoxification of some drugs |
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What is the function of Rough ER? |
Contains RIBOSOMES and is the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
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What are lysosymes? |
Secretory vesicles w/membranous walls, formed by the Golgi apparatus Contain enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles & large molecules |
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What are the extensions of the cell? |
Microvilli Cilia Flagella |
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Name some organelles contained w/in the cell cytoplasm |
Nucleus Mitochondria RER & SER Golgi body Ribosomes Lysosomes |
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What is diffusion? |
The movement of a chemical substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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What is facilitated diffusion? |
The process for substances that cannot diffuse w/out help eg. amino acids/glucose |
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Where are Golgi apparatus found? |
In all cells, but are larger in cells that synthesise/export proteins |
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What happens to proteins in the Golgi apparatus? |
Proteins move from the ER to the Golgi body where they are PACKAGED into vesicles called secretory granules, which are stored & then move to the plasma membrane when needed |
