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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell |
The basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
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Cell theory |
A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
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unicellular |
Made of a single cell. |
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Multicellular |
Made of multiple cells. |
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Tissue |
A group of similar cells that perform the same function. |
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Organ |
A structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue. |
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Organ system |
A group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body. |
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Organelle |
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. |
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Cell wall |
A rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds the cells of plants and other organisms. |
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Cytoskeleton |
A protein framework inside a cell that gives a cell a shape. |
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Cell membrane |
The outside cell boundary that controls which substance can enter or leave the cell. |
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Nucleus |
The control center of a eukaryotic cell that directs the cell's activities and contains the information that determines the cell's form and function. |
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Cytoplasm |
The material within a cell apart from the nucleus. |
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Mitochondria |
Rod shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
A cell structure that forms passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried through the cell. |
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Ribosome |
A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made. |
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Golgi body |
A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell. |
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Chloroplast |
A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. |
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Vacuole |
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area. |
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Lysosome |
A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. |
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Element |
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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Compound |
Two or more elements that are chemically combined. |
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Carbohydrate |
An energy-rich compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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Protein |
Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
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Amino acid |
A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins. |
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Enzyme |
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing. |
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Lipid |
Energy-rich organic compound such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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Nucleic acid |
A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins. |
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Selectively permeable |
A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
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Diffusion |
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Passive transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy. |
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Active transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy. |
