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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome |
In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
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Chromatid |
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome |
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Centromere |
The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called a centromere |
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Chromatin |
The less-tightly coiled protein complex |
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Sex Chromosome |
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, and they may also carry genes for other characteristics; 46 |
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Autosome |
All other chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes; 44 |
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Homologus Chromosome |
Or "Homologues"; the two copies of each autosomes |
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Karyotype |
A photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell in a human |
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Diploid |
A cell having two sets of chromosomes |
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Haploid |
Cells that only contain one set of chromosomes; sperm and egg cells |
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Binary Fission |
The division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells |
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Mitosis |
A type of cell division that results in new cells with genetic material identical to the original cell |
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Meiosis |
A type of cell division that decrease the number of chromosomes by half the original number the cell had |
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Gamete |
Haploid reproductive cells |
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Interphase |
The time between cell divisions |
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Cytokinesis |
The division of the cell's cytoplasm |
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Cell Plate |
Formed by the midline; divides the reproducing plant cell. |
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Crossing over |
The exchange of genetic material between homologus chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination |
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Genetic Recombination |
A new mixture of genetic material created by prophase I |
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Independent Assortment |
The random separation of the homologus chromosomes |
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Asexual Reproduction |
Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
