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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intron
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A noncoding nucleotide sequence of DNA.
Compare to exon. |
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Polygenic inheritance
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Pattern of inheritance in which a phenotypic trait depends on many genes. An example is eye color, controlled by three or more genes.
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Cell Cycle
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A repeating series of events in which a eukaryotic cell grows, duplicates it's DNA, and then undergoes nuclear and cytoplasmic division to become two cells. Includes interphase (growth and DNA synthesis) and mitosis (cell division).
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Gene
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The unit of heredity. Most genes encode for specific polypeptides, and each gene has a specific location on a particular chromosome.
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Metaphase
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Second stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes align themselves on one place at the center of the cell.
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Anaphase
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Third stage of mitosis, in which the two sets of daughter chromosomes moves toward the poles of a cell.
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crossing-over
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Echange of DNA segments between the homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis.
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tRNA (transfer RNA)
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Short-chain RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome.
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Prophase
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The first stage of mitosis. During prophase the chromosomes condense and thicken, the pairs of centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell, and the mitotic spindle forms.
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Differentiation
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Process by which a cell changes in form or function.
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Mutation
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A change in the DNA base pair sequence of a cell.
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meiosis
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Nuclear division process that reduces the chromosomal number by half. Meiosis results in the formation of four haploid (n) cells. It occurs only in certain reproductive organs.
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triplet code
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The genetic code of mRNA and tRNA in which three successive bases encode for one of the 20 amino acids.
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Transciption
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The production of a single strand of RNA from a segment (representing a gene) of one of the two strands of DNA. The base sequence of the RNA is complementary to that of the single strand of DNA.
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Codon
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The three-base sequence on a messenger RNA molecule that provides the code for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
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Anticodon
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The three base sequence in transfer RNA that pairs with a complementary sequence in messenger RNA.
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