Carrier Bio 2 Final

Front 1

Which of the following terms or structures is properly associated only with animals?

Back 1

Hox genes

Front 2

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

Back 2

meiosis.

Front 3

Sperm production occurs in the

Back 3

seminiferous tubules.

Front 4

The individual cells produced by cleavage are called

Back 4

blastomeres

Front 5

The solid ball of cells that has been likened to a mulberry is called a

Back 5

morula.

Front 6

During gastrulation

Back 6

three germ layers are formed.

Front 7

The ectoderm forms

Back 7

neural tissues.

Front 8

The mesoderm forms

Back 8

muscle.

Front 9

The endoderm forms

Back 9

the urinary bladder.

Front 10

Which of these events occurs first?

Back 10

cleavage

Front 11

Which of the following is not part of fertilization?

Back 11

completion of Meiosis I

Front 12

Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane causes

Back 12

oocyte activation.completion of the second meiosis.extrusion of the second polar body.membrane fusion.all of the above

Front 13

The process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of the zygote among blastomeres is called

Back 13

Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as

Front 14

Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as

Back 14

implantation.

Front 15

The solid ball of cells that has been likened to a mulberry is called a

Back 15

morula.

Front 16

A blastocyst is a(n)

Back 16

hollow ball of cells.

Front 17

0 / 1 pointHuman testes are positioned in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity

Back 17

so the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior.

Front 18

Fertilization

Back 18

joins two haploid sets of chromosomes and activates development in the egg.

Front 19

Which of the following serves as an impenetrable barrier that prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg?

Back 19

the fertilization envelope

Front 20

Which of the following structures develops from mesodermal tissue?

Back 20

notochord

Front 21

The discovery of ________ explains embryonic pattern formation in a wide variety of organisms.

Back 21

homeotic genes

Front 22

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.

Back 22

a platyhelminth

Front 23

Against which hard structure do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?

Back 23

hydrostatic skeleton

Front 24

While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n) _____.

Back 24

mollusc

Front 25

develop an anus from the blastopore (pore) formed in the gastrula stage

Back 25

grow by shedding their exoskeleton

Front 26

Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms?

Back 26

a digestive system with a single opening

Front 27

All arthropods _____.

Back 27

2) have jointed appendages3) molt4) have segmented bodies5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle

Front 28

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae? The insect would have trouble _____.

Back 28

smelling

Front 29

The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?

Back 29

Nematoda

Front 30

A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature _____.

Back 30

an open circulatory system

Front 31

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?

Back 31

Echinodermata bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system

Front 32

The water vascular system of echinoderms _____.

Back 32

functions in locomotion and feeding

Front 33

Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?

Back 33

Echinodermata

Front 34

Which of the following is/are true of animals?

Back 34

They lack cell walls.They are eukaryotic.They are multicellular.They are heterotrophic.All of the choices are true.

Front 35

Which one of the following animals has no digestive tract of any sort?

Back 35

tapeworm

Front 36

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of flatworms?

Back 36

radial symmetry

Front 37

A bilaterally symmetrical, wormlike animal that has a pseudocoelom, a complete digestive tract, and a cuticle could be a member of which one of the following phyla?

Back 37

Nematoda

Front 38

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of mollusks?

Back 38

three main parts of the body: head, trunk, and tail

Front 39

Which one of the mollusk groups usually consists of sedentary animals that use mucus-coated gills to trap fine food particles as water is pumped between the two hinged shells surrounding the body?

Back 39

bivalves

Front 40

0 / 1 pointInflating a balloon and letting it go, shooting away as air leaves through the balloon's opening, is most like the way that which of the following animals moves?

Back 40

squid

Front 41

Which of the following adaptations most increases flexibility and mobility in annelids?

Back 41

segmentation

Front 42

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of annelids?

Back 42

a pseudocoelom

Front 43

Animals that are segmented and have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton are members of the phylum

Back 43

Arthropoda.

Front 44

The most numerous and widespread animal phylum is characterized by all of the following features except

Back 44

a closed circulatory system

Front 45

Arthropod appendages are variously adapted for:

Back 45

sensory reception.swimming.feeding.defense.All of the choices are correct.

Front 46

Most insects have three body parts. They are the

Back 46

head, thorax, and abdomen.

Front 47

Which of the following is the largest order in the animal kingdom, consisting of about 350,000 species?

Back 47

Coleoptera

Front 48

Which one of the following phyla is most closely related to echinoderms?

Back 48

Chordata

Front 49

Which of the following is unique to chordates?

Back 49

a notochord

Front 50

Having a true coelom distinguishes ______ from ______.

Back 50

annelids . . . roundworms

Front 51

Flatworms are similar to cnidarians in that both ______.

Back 51

have true tissues

Front 52

A true coelom is ______.

Back 52

completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm

Front 53

The dispersive stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ______ stage.

Back 53

medusa

Front 54

A(n) ______ is an example of a mollusk that does not have a shell.

Back 54

octopus

Front 55

There are more species of ______ than of any other type of animal.

Back 55

arthropod

Front 56

All of these characteristics are shared by annelids and arthropods EXCEPT:

Back 56

an exoskeleton

Front 57

A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of ______.

Back 57

highly specialized segments

Front 58

The arthropod skeleton is composed of ______.

Back 58

chitin

Front 59

Most ______ are aquatic.

Back 59

crustaceans

Front 60

The presence of which of the following is NOT one of the four unique defining features of chordates?

Back 60

true coelom

Front 61

Which of the following animals displays radial symmetry?

Back 61

a sea anemone

Front 62

In protostomes,

Back 62

the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the mouth.

Front 63

Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is true?

Back 63

The opening that forms during deuterostome gastrulation becomes the anus.

Front 64

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

Back 64

post-anal tail

Front 65

If a tunicate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked, the animal would have trouble _____.

Back 65

respiring and feeding

Front 66

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

Back 66

lancelets

Front 67

Vertebrates and tunicates share _____.

Back 67

a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Front 68

Which of the following characteristics is shared by a hagfish and a lamprey?

Back 68

a well-developed notochord

Front 69

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

Back 69

They have a lateral line that is sensitive to vibrations.

Front 70

The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still _____.

Back 70

not sink

Front 71

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

Back 71

chondrichthyans

Front 72

Suppose, while out camping in a forest, you found a chordate with a long, slender, limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent. This critter could be _____.

Back 72

an amphibian

Front 73

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was _____.

Back 73

feet with digits

Front 74

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

Back 74

the amnion

Front 75

Which of the following adaptations allowed reptiles to complete their life cycles on land?

Back 75

an amniotic egg

Front 76

You find a small, elongated animal embedded in sand with one end sticking out. It has segmental musculature, a coelom, a notochord, and a complete digestive tract with an anus located partway down the body. This animal is most likely

Back 76

a chordate

Front 77

Which of the following is characteristic of vertebrates?

Back 77

a skull and a backbone consisting of vertebrae

Front 78

While at the beach you observe a small sessile organism that is a filter feeder. You collect a sample of the organism and bring it to your biology instructor. Your instructor tells you that the larval stage of the organism has a notochord and gill structures. From this information you can conclude that the organism

Back 78

is a chordate.

Front 79

Which of the following is characteristic of most extant reptiles and most extant mammals?

Back 79

keratinized skin

Front 80

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Back 80

phylogenetic relatedness of birds and reptiles.

Front 81

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Back 81

reptiles and mammals

Front 82

At least one of these has been found in all species of eumetazoan animals studied thus far.

Back 82

Hox

Front 83

Mature bone cells are called

Back 83

osteocytes.

Front 84

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called

Back 84

canaliculi.

Front 85

Which of the following animals is correctly paired with its feeding mechanism?

Back 85

snake bulk feeder

Front 86

The process of obtaining food is known as _____ and requires specialized mouthparts.

Back 86

ingestion

Front 87

In marine sponges, intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by _____.

Back 87

phagocytosis

Front 88

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for _____.

Back 88

enzymatic hydrolysis

Front 89

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body. This process is known as _____.

Back 89

absorption

Front 90

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food _____.

Back 90

have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food

Front 91

In the digestive system, peristalsis is _____.

Back 91

smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus

Front 92

Among mammals, it is generally true that _____.

Back 92

the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea

Front 93

Villi and microvilli in the small intestine _____.

Back 93

increase the surface area to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption

Front 94

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells _____.

Back 94

initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach

Front 95

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the _____.

Back 95

stomach

Front 96

The bile salts _____.

Back 96

emulsify fats in the duodenum

Front 97

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that _____.

Back 97

promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine

Front 98

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial _____.

Back 98

production of vitamin K

Front 99

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of _____.

Back 99

fat

Front 100

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

Back 100

Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose.

Front 101

Which of the following is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin?

Back 101

vitamin A

Front 102

The ticks you might find attached to your dog are best described as

Back 102

fluid feeders.

Front 103

Which of the following digestive processes requires enzymes?

Back 103

hydrolysis

Front 104

To actually enter the body, a substance must cross a cell membrane. During which stage of food processing does this first happen?

Back 104

absorption