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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Petiole

stalk that attaches the blade to the stem


Node

stalk where leaf attaches

stomata

pores in leaves

Parenchyma

Basic cell type from which all others are derived


Designed for storage


Least specialized of cell types


Collenchyma

Designed for flexible support


Cell walls are thickened unevenly, mostly at corners


Often forms bundles just beneath epidermis


Sclerenchyma

Very thick walls containing lignin


Very strong cells


Provide rigid support

pits

tracheids, Walls contain pits through which water can move


vessels

barrel-shaped


Nearly flat ends


Larger in diameter than tracheids


Flat ends of vessels have grill like structures called perforation plates


Vessels considered more evolutionaryily advanced than tracheids


Water moves through them more


tracheids

Hollow, elongated tubes with sharply tapering end walls


Walls contain pits through which water can move


Dead at maturity


Phloem

sieve tube


(in angiosperms) are called sieve tube members


Living at maturity


companion cell


companion cell


Connected to sieve tube member by numerous plasmodesmata


Where apical meristem is located (growing point)


Zone of Cell Division


Zone of Cell Elongation


Cells in this region are no longer dividing but are pumping water into their central vacuoles


Zone of Cell Differentiation


Cellular maturation starts here, about 4-5 cm behind root cap


-root hairs


Protoderm


Zone of Cell Differentiation


to epidermis


Ground meristem

Zone of Cell Differentiation


to cortex (main parenchyma region)



Procambium

Zone of Cell Differentiation


to vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)



Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root)


Pericycle

retains its ability to divide


produces branch roots


Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root)


Endodermis

is an internal “skin”


Acts as filter to keep toxic chemicals in the soil water out of the root


Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root)


Cortex

expands


1% storage tissue for plant

Eudicot roots (Ex: Buttercup root)


Epidermis

enlarges to cover entire root

Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine)


Maintains parenchyma core


pith)


Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine)


Phloem


wide band

Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine)


Xylem

ring of bundles


Completely surrounds xylem bundles


Monocot roots (Ex: Greenbriar vine)


Pericycle

surrounds core tissues

Bulbs

Fleshy leaves without petioles on strongly shortened stem


Ex: onions, tulips, lilies


Rhizomes

Horizontal underground stems


Ex: Ferns, iris


Runners

Horizontal above ground stems


Ex: strawberries

Tubers

Swollen underground tip of a stolon


“eyes” of a potato are axillary buds at the bases of reduced scale leaves


Ex: potato


Tendrils

Thin stems that twine around supports


Aid in climbing


Ex: Grapes, English ivy


Cladophylls


Flattened, often fleshy, photosynthetic stems


Spines are highly modified leaves


Ex: cacti, Christmas cactus

Palisade mesophyll


Below upper epidermis


Where most of photosynthesis takes place


Spongy mesophyll


Very loosely organized


Facilitates gas and water vapor movement within blade of leaf


Contains veins (vascular tissue)


Xylem always on “top” (upper epidermis side)


Phloem always on “bottom” (lower epidermis side)