Bio Ll - Plants

Front 1

Defining characteristic(s) of plants

Back 1

- cell walls made of cellulose

- sessile (don't move)

- alteration of generations

Hint 1

3 points

Front 2

Name the two main phases of plant's life cylce

Back 2

- Diploid phase

- Haploid phase

Hint 2

Alteration of generations

Front 3

What do the diploid and haploid phases of a plant produce and how

Back 3

Diploid - sporophytes, meiosis

Haploid - gametophytes, mitosis

Hint 3

Spores and gametes

Front 4

Plants were the first organisms to inhabit land, T or F

Back 4

F - protists, bacteria, and fungi

Front 5

What are charophytes thought to be

Back 5

The ancestors of modern plants

Front 6

First land plants were:

Back 6

- small, close to the ground and eachother

- poikilohydric (drought tolerators)

- non-vascular ([em]bryophytes)

- mosses and lichen

- Haploid dominant

- homosporous (one spore type)

- seedless

Hint 6

7 points

Front 7

Order of plant generations

Back 7

[Em]Bryophytes

Ferns

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Front 8

Bryophyte Major Characteristics

Back 8

- need water for fertilization

- have cuticle and stomata

- non-vascular

- gametophyte dominant (Haploid)

- homosporous ( one spore type)

Hint 8

5 points

Front 9

In bryophytes gametangium that produce ____ are called ___:

Back 9

- eggs, arcegonia

- sperm, antheridia

Hint 9

Gametangium are a protective organ for gametophytes

2 answers

Front 10

Briefly summarise a bryophyte's life cycle

Back 10

Spores released -> germinate and grow into male and female gametophytes -> egg and sperm meet through water -> fertilized egg develops into a zygote then sporophyte

Hint 10

Start at spores

Front 11

Seedlees Vascular Major Characteristics

Back 11

- Sporophyte dominant

- vascular

- water required for fertilization

- cuticle and stomata yes

Hint 11

4 points

Front 12

Gymnosperm Major Characteristics

Back 12

- vascular

- naked seeds

- sporophyte dominant

- pollination

- cuticle and stomata

Hint 12

5 points

Front 13

Angiosperm Major Characteristics

Back 13

- cuticle and stomata

- vascular

- sporophyte dominant

- pollination

- flowers, seeds, and fruits

Hint 13

5 points

Front 14

What is the difference between sorus and strobilus

Back 14

Sorus (sing. -i) - cluster of sporangia, homosporous

Strobilus - a structure of individual sporangia, heterosporus

Front 15

Conifers are ____

Back 15

Gymnosperms

Hint 15

Cyads and ginkgoes are too

Front 16

What are the four major reproductive adaptations in gymnosperms

Back 16

Ovules (pre-seed)

Pollen (sperm)

Seeds (fertilized ovule)

Cones (house ovules and pollen)

Front 17

Basic parts of a seeds

Back 17

- embryo sporophyte

- surrounding nourishing tissues

- tough protective coat

Hint 17

3 parts

Front 18

Angiosperms are separated into two major groups called

Back 18

Monocots and eudicots

Front 19

Monocots

Back 19

- Embryos have a single leaf like structure called a cotyledon

- first leaf stays at bottom

- three floral parts

- leave veins parallel

- vascular bundles distributed through tissue

- fibrous branching roots

Front 20

Eudicots

Back 20

- Embryos have 2 cotyledons

- first leave grows up

- four or five floral parts

- leaf veins net like

- vascular bundles organized as a ring

- main tap roots smaller lateral roots

Hint 20

True dicots

Front 21

Meristems

Back 21

Growth patches at ends of plant

Primary and lateral

Responsible for height and girth

Front 22

3 herbaceous flowering plant types

Back 22

Annuals - life cycles completed in one growing season

Biennials - complete her life cycle in two growing seasons ( roots, stems, leaves first year| flower, seeds, die second year)

Perennials - vegetative and reproductive growth continue year after year

Front 23

parenchyma

Back 23

Make up roots stems leaves flowers and fruits Water permeable

Water permeable

Water permeable

Hint 23

Soft primary tissues

Front 24

Sclerenchyma

Back 24

Additional mechanical support

Protection

Pits

Can die and leave structure

Hint 24

Rigid support and protection

Front 25

Xylem

Back 25

Transports minerals and water upward

Front 26

Three types of plant tissue

Back 26

Ground tissue

Vascular tissue

Dermal tissue

Front 27

Phloem

Back 27

Transports sugars and other solutes throughout the plant

Front 28

Stems

Back 28

Adapted to provide support, routes for vascular tissues, storage, and new growth

Front 29

Taproot

Back 29

Thicc

Have smaller lateral roots

Youngest near tips

Storage optimization

Front 30

Fibrous root

Back 30

Dense network

Absorb water and nutrients from upper layer

Hold soil together

Front 31

Adventious roots

Back 31

Grow from weird places like stems or leaves

Front 32

Secondary growth

Back 32

Bark or something

Can happen in roots

Front 33

Hormone

Back 33

A hormone is a signaling molecule that regulates or helps coordinate some aspect of growth, metabolism, or development

Front 34

Auxins

Back 34

- synthesized in atypical meristems

- growing tissues vascular tissues affected

- growth of lateral roots dormancy in buds, fruit development, plant to light

Hint 34

Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects

Front 35

Gibberellins

Back 35

- roots and shoot tips, young leaves in developing embryos

- tissues affected stems and developing seeds

- cell division in Stems, germination

Hint 35

Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects

Front 36

Cytokinins

Back 36

- root tips

- shoot a typical meristems leaves and buds

- cell division, inhibit senescence of leaves, coordinate growth of Roots & Shoots with auxin

Hint 36

Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects

Front 37

Abscisic acid

Back 37

- young seeds, shoots and leaves

- shoots and tips, embryos, leaves

- cell division, differentiation of vascular tissue, stomata control

Hint 37

Form:

Where is synthesized

tissues affected

Effects

Front 38

Ethylene

Back 38

- shoot tips, roots, Leaf nodes, flowers and fruits

- seeds, buds, seedlings, mature leaves, flowers, fruits

- cell division in seedling stems, mature plants absession, flowers in fruits

Hint 38

Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects

Front 39

Perfect flower

Back 39

It has the stamen in the pistil in the same flower

Front 40

imperfect flower

Back 40

Male sex organs or female sex organs not both

Front 41

complete flower

Back 41

Contains all four modified leaves ( sepals, pedals, stamens, pistils)