Cardiovascular System Ap

Front 1

what does the cardiovascular system consists of?

Back 1

heart, and vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins

Front 2

what is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Back 2

for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them

Front 3

what cavity does the heart lay within?

Back 3

thoracic

Front 4

the _____ is a hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump

Back 4

heart

Front 5

the heart lies in the _______ under the sternum; its apex extends to the ____ intercostal space

Back 5

mediastinum; fifth

Front 6

the _____ covering encloses the heart

Back 6

pericardium

Front 7

The covering of the heart has two layers; the outer, is tough _____ ____ _____ pericardium surrounding a more delicate _____ pericardium (______) that surrounds the heart

Back 7

connective tissue fibrous; visceral (epicardium)

Front 8

at the base of the heart, the ____ ______ folds back to become the ______ ______ that lines the fibrous pericardium

Back 8

visceral pericardium; parietal pericardium

Front 9

Between the parietal and visceral pericardia is a potential space (pericardial cavity) with with _____ _____

Back 9

serous fluid

Front 10

the wall of the heart is composed of what three layers?

Back 10

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Front 11

the outermost layer of the wall of the heart is the ______

Back 11

epicardium

Front 12

the middle layer of the wall of the hear is the ______

Back 12

myocardium

Front 13

the inner layer of the wall of the hear is the ______

Back 13

endocardium

Front 14

the _____ is made up of CT and epithelium, and houses blood and lymph capillaries alone with coronary arteries. It is the as the _____ pericardium

Back 14

epicardium; visceral

Front 15

_______ consists of the cardiac muscle and is the thickest layer of the heart wall

Back 15

myocardium

Front 16

_____ is smooth and is made of CT and epithelium, and is continuous with the endothelium and major vessels joining the heart

Back 16

endocardium

Front 17

the endocardium contain the ____ fibers

Back 17

purkinje

Front 18

how many chambers does the heart have? what are they?

Back 18

4; two atria on top and two ventricles on the bottom

Front 19

_____ receive blood returning to the heart and have ____ wall and ear-like ______ projecting from their exterior

Back 19

atria; thin; auricles

Front 20

the ____ pump blood to the body and are _______

Back 20

ventricles; thick-muscled

Front 21

what divides the atrium and ventricle on each side?

Back 21

septum

Front 22

_______ valve ensures one way flow of blood

Back 22

atrioventricular (A-V)

Front 23

the right A-V valve is known as _____

Back 23

tricuspid

Front 24

the left A-V valve is known as _____

Back 24

bicuspid or mitral valve

Front 25

the right A-V valve and left A-V valve have cups to which ____ ____ attach

Back 25

chordae tendinae

Front 26

Chordae tendinae are, in turn, attached to ______ muscles in the inner heart wall that contract during ______ contraction to prevent the ______ of blood through the ____ valves

Back 26

papillary; ventricular; backflow; A-V

Front 27

The superior and inferior vena cavae do what?

Back 27

they bring blood FROM the body to the RIGHT atrium

Front 28

why does the right ventricle have a thinner wall than the left ventricle?

Back 28

because it must pump blood only as far as the lungs, compared to the eft ventricle pumping to the entire body

Front 29

what is role of the left atrium?

Back 29

it receives the blood from FOUR pulmonary veins?

Front 30

from how many pulmonary veins does the left atrium receive blood from?

Back 30

FOUR

Front 31

at the base of the ______ _____ leading to the lungs is the _____ valve, which prevents a return flow of blood to the ______

Back 31

pulmonary trunk; pulmonary; ventricle

Front 32

where does the left ventricle pump blood into?

Back 32

the entire body through the aorta, guarded by the aortic valve that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle

Front 33

the left ventricle pumps blood into the entire body through the _____

Back 33

aorta

Front 34

what is the aorta guarded by and why?

Back 34

guarded by aortic valve to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricle

Front 35

Rings of dense connective tissue lie surround the ______ ______ and ____ attachments for the heart valve and fibers

Back 35

pulmonary trunk; aorta

Front 36

what do the rings of Dense CT provide for the skeleton of the heart?

Back 36

They prevent dilating in the valve area

Front 37

Blood low in __1__ returns to the right atrium via the ___2_ _____ and ___3__ _____. The right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the ___4__ valve into the __5___ ventricle. The ___5___ ventricle contracts, closing the __4___ valve, and forcing blood through the ___6___ valve into the ___6__ trunk and arteries. The __6____ arteries carry blood to the __7_ where it can rid itself of excess __8__ ____ and pick up a new supply of oxygen. Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the __9_ atrium of the heart through the __10__ _____. The __9__ atrium contracts, forcing blood through the left ___11__ valve into the ___12__ _____.The ___12_ ____ contracts, closing the __11__ valve and forcing open the __13__ valve as blood enters the __14_ for distribution to the body.

Back 37

1. oxygen
2. right atrium
3. coronary sinus
4. tricuspid
5. right
6. pulmonary
7. lungs
8. carbon dioxide
9. left
10. Pulmonary veins
11. bicuspid
12. left ventricle
13. aortic
14. aorta

Front 38

what are the receiving chambers of the heart?

Back 38

atria

Front 39

true or false, special tissue sets place in the conduction system?

Back 39

true

Front 40

what is the name of the valves between the ventricle and the artery?

Back 40

semilunar

Front 41

the three layers of the heart wall are?

Back 41

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Front 42

a heart contraction is initiated by what?

Back 42

sinatorial node