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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Double-sided pump; about size of fist
L and R sides separated by the cardiac septum located in the medistenum 3 layers 4 chambers and 4 valves enclosed in the pericardium (2 layers) |
Heart
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to pump blood to the lungs or to the body
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function of the heart
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endocardium
myocardium epicardium |
3 layers of the heart
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smooth inner lining of the heart and valves
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endocardium
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muscular, middle layer of the heart; bulk of the heart
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myocardium
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outermost layer of the heart; continuous with the visceral pericardium
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epicardium
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double folded serous sac (membrane) surrounding the heart; encloses the heart;sling like
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pericardium
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inner membrane lying against the heart itself
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visceral pericardium
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outer membrane lying against the chest wall
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parietal pericardium
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space between the visceral and parietal membranes; contains pericardial fluid
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pericardial space/cavity
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4 chambers;
2 atria and 2 ventricles |
Chambers
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2 upper, receiving chambers that receive blood from the body or lungs
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Artria
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receives oxygen poor blood from the body via vena cavae
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R atrium
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receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs
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L atrium
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2 lower, pumping chambers that pump blood to the lungs and body
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ventricles
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pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs
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R ventricle
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pumps oxygen rich blood to the body
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L ventricle
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4 valves, structures that prevent backflow
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valves
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(2) valves between the atria and ventricles
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atrioventricular (AV) valves
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AV valve between the R atrium and R ventricles
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tricuspid valve
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AV valve between the L atrium and the L ventricle
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Bicuspid (mitral) valve
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swishing sound heard when blood back flows (regurgitates) into the atria
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Murmur
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valves the guard the exit from the ventricles
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2 semilunar (SL) valves
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prevents back flow into the R ventricle from the pulmonary arteries
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pulmonary valve
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prevents back flow into the L ventricle from the aorta
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aortic valve
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the sound created when the AV valves close
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Lubb
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the sound created when the SL valves close
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Dupp
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blood flow from the R ventricle to the lungs and then to L atrium
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Pulmonary circulation
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blood flow from the L ventricle to the body and then to the R atrium
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systemic circulation
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blood flow from the heart thru the lungs and back to the heart
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cardiopulmonary circulation
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blood supply to the myocardium
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coronary circulation
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blood enters the coronary arteries as it leaves the heart
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Aorta
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provide nourishment to the myocardium
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L and R coronary arteries
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feeds the left heart
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LAD (left anterior descending artery)
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receives oxygen poor blood from the outer heart
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coronary veins
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drain oxygen poor blood to the R atrium
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coronary sinuses
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the route electrical impulses travel thru heart to innervate the myocardium
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cardiac conduction (electrical pathway)
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pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat;sends impulse thru the atria, depolarizing them and resulting in contraction
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SA (sinoatrial) node
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receives the impulse, slows it down till the atria empties
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AV (atrioventricular) node
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receives the impulse from the AV node, speeds it up and sends it to the bundle branches
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Bundle of HIS
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carry the impulses quickly down the septum and around the ventricles
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Bundle Branches
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carry the impulse into the ventricles resulting in contraction
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Purkinje fibers
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ability of the heart to initiate its' own beat; works automatically
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Automaticity
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the initiating heartbeat occurring outside the SA node
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Ectopic focus
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thru the heart to the lungs and back thru the heart (starts at vena cava and ends at aorta
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cardiopulmonary circulation
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from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart; R ventricle to lungs and then L atrium
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pulmonary circulation
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from the aorta thru the body and back to the heart; L ventricle to the body then R atrium
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systemic circulation
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blood routed from SIPS to the liver for processing
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Hepatic portal circulation
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Stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen
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SIPS
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temporary routing of blood from the lungs
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fetal circulation
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blood from the L ventricle thru the body and then to the R atrium
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systemic circulation
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largest artery in the body; carries blood away from the heart
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aorta
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large, thick-walled, elactic vessels, high pressure, carry blood away from the the heart
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arteries
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small arteries; slow blood flow; helps control BP
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arterioles
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microscopic exchange vessels; connect arterioles and venules
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capillaries
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small veins
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venules
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thin-walled vessels with valves; low pressures; carry blood to the heart; subject to clotting
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veins
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largest vein in the body; carry blood to the R atrium
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vena cavae
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carries oxygen poor blood from above the heart
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superior vena cava
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carries oxygen poor blood from below the heart
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inferior vena cava
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systole and diastole of the heart; lasts 0.8 seconds
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cardiac cycle
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contraction of the ventricles of the heart
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systole
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relaxation of the ventricles of the heart
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diastole
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amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
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cardiac output
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heart rate x stroke volume=
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cardiac output
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number of times the heart beats per minute
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heart rate
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amount of blood pumped per beat
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stroke volume
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