Cardiovascular System

Front 1

Amino Acids

Back 1

organic substance found in plasma and is used by cells to build proteins

Front 2

Arteries

Back 2

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Front 3

Blood Vessels

Back 3

Closed system of tubes that conducts blood throughout the body and consists of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Front 4

Capillaries

Back 4

Smallest blood or lymphatic vessels. Blood capillaries are very thin to allow gas, nutrients, and waste exchange between the blood and the tissues.

Front 5

Carbon Dioxide

Back 5

Waste product of cellular energy production and is removed from the cells by the blood and eliminated from the body by the lungs

Front 6

Circulatory System

Back 6

System that transports blood to all areas of the body and includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; also called the cardiovascular system

Front 7

Deoxygenated

Back 7

Blood in the veins that is low in oxygen content

Front 8

Glucose

Back 8

The form of sugar used by the cells to make energy

Front 9

Heart

Back 9

Organ of the cardiovascular system that contracts to pump blood through the blood vessels

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

Sum of all the chemical processes taking place in the body

Front 11

Oxygen

Back 11

Gaseous element absorbed by the blood from the air sacs of the lungs; necessary for cells to make energy

Front 12

Oxygenated

Back 12

Term for blood with high oxygen level

Front 13

Pulmonary Circulation

Back 13

Transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Then, it carries oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart.

Front 14

Systemic Circulation

Back 14

Transports oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the cells of the body and then back to the right side of the heart.

Front 15

Veins

Back 15

Blood vessels of the cardiovascular system that carry blood toward the heart.

Front 16

Apex

Back 16

Directional term meaning tip or summit

Front 17

Cardiac Muscle

Back 17

The involuntary muscle found in the heart

Front 18

Endocardium

Back 18

The inner layer of the heart, which is very smooth and lines the chambers of the heart.

Front 19

Epicardium

Back 19

The outer layer of the heart. It forms part of the pericardium.

Front 20

Myocardium

Back 20

The middle layer of the muscle. It is thick and composed of cardiac muscle. This layer produces the heart contraction.

Front 21

Parietal Pericardium

Back 21

The outer layer of the pericardium surrounding the heart.

Front 22

Pericardium

Back 22

The double-walled outer sac around the heart. The inner layer is called the epicardium, the outer layer is the heart itself. This sac contains pericardial fluid that reduces friction caused by the heart beating.

Front 23

Visceral Pericardium

Back 23

The inner layer of the pericardium surrounding the heart.

Front 24

Atria

Back 24

The two upper chambers of the heart. The left receives blood returning from the lungs, and the right receives blood returning from the body.

Front 25

Interatrial Septum

Back 25

The wall or septum that divides the left and right atria

Front 26

Interventricular Septum

Back 26

The wall or septum that divides the left and right ventricles

Front 27

Ventricles

Back 27

The two lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it back out of the heart. The left pumps blood to the body, and the right pumps blood to the lungs.

Front 28

Aortic Valve

Back 28

The semilunar valve between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta of the heart. It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the ventricle.

Front 29

Atrioventricular Valve

Back 29

The heart valves located between an atria and a ventricle. Includes the tricuspid valve in the right side of the heart and the bicuspid or mitral valve in the left side of the heart.

Front 30

Bicuspid Valve

Back 30

A valve between the left atrium and ventricle. It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the atrium. It has two cusps or flaps. It is also called the mitral valve.

Front 31

Cusps

Back 31

The leaflets or flaps of a heart valve.

Front 32

Mitral Valve

Back 32

A valve between the left atrium and ventricle and ventricle in the heart. It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the atrium. It is also called the bicuspid valve between it has two cusps.

Front 33

Pulmonary Valve

Back 33

The semilunar valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in the heart. It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the ventricle.

Front 34

Semilunar Valve

Back 34

The heart valves located between the ventricles and the great arteries leaving the heart.

Front 35

Tricuspid Valve

Back 35

A valve between the right atrium and ventricle of the heart. It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the atrium. Has three cusps.

Front 36

Aorta

Back 36

The largest artery in the body. It is located in the mediastinum and carries oxygenated blood away from the left side of the heart.

Front 37

Diastole

Back 37

The period of time during which a heart chamber is relaxed.

Front 38

Inferior Vena Cava

Back 38

The branch of the vena cava that drains blood from the abdomen and lower body.

Front 39

Pulmonary Artery

Back 39

The large artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lung

Front 40

Pulmonary Veins

Back 40

Large vein that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Front 41

Superior Vena Cava

Back 41

The branch of the vena cava that drains blood from the chest and upper body.

Front 42

Systole

Back 42

The period of time during which a heart chamber is contracting.

Front 43

Atrioventricular Node

Back 43

This area at the junction of the right atrium and ventricle receives the stimulus from the sinoatrial node and sends the impulse to the ventricles through the bundle of His

Front 44

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 44

The portion of the nervous system that consists of nerves to the internal organs that function involuntarily. It regulates functions of the glands, the adrenal medulla, heart, and smooth muscle tissue.

Front 45

Bundle Branches

Back 45

Part of the conduction system of the heart; the electrical signal travels down the interventricular septum

Front 46

Bundle of His

Back 46

Is located in the interventricular septum. Receives the electrical impulse from the atrioventricular node and distributes it through the ventricular walls causing them to contract simultaneously

Front 47

Diastolic Pressure

Back 47

The lower pressure within blood vessels during the relaxation phase of the heart beat.

Front 48

Pacemaker

Back 48

Another name for the sinoatrial node of the heart.

Front 49

Purkinje Fibers

Back 49

Part of the conduction system of the heart; found in the ventricular myocardium

Front 50

Sinoatrial Node

Back 50

Also called the pacemaker of the heart. It is an area of the right atria that initiates the electrical pulse that causes the heart to contract.

Front 51

Sphygmomanometer

Back 51

Instrument for measuring blood pressure; also referred to as a blood pressure cuff

Front 52

Systolic Pressure

Back 52

The maxium pressure within blood vessels during a heart contraction.

Front 53

Arterioles

Back 53

The smallest branches of the arteries. They carry blood to the capillaries.

Front 54

Capillary Bed

Back 54

The network of capillaries found in a given tissue or organ

Front 55

Coronary Arteries

Back 55

A group of three arteries that branch off the aorta and carry blood to the myocardium

Front 56

Blood Pressure

Back 56

Measurement of pressure that is exerted by the blood against walls of a blood vessel

Front 57

Venules

Back 57

The smallest veins; receive deoxygenated blood leaving the capillaries