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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atovastatin?
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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What is the mechanism of action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
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Inhibit cholesterol precursor mevalonate
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What is the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on LDL, HDL, and triglycerides?
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LDL: decrease (x3); HDL: increase; triglycerides: decrease
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What are the side effects and issues related to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
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Expensive, reversible increase in liver function tests, myositis
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What is the mechanism of action of niacin?
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Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation
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What is the effect of niacin on LDL, HDL, triglycerides?
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LDL: decrease (x2); HDL: increase (x2); triglycerides: decrease
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What are the side effects and issues concerning niacin?
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Red, flushed face which is decreased with aspirin or long-time use
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What are cholestyramine and colestipol?
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bile acid resins
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What is the mechanism of action of bile acid resins?
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Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids, therefore liver must use cholesterol to make more
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What is the effect of bile acid resins on LDL, HDL and triglycerides?
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LDL: decrease (x2); HDL: slight increase; triglycerides: slight increase
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What are the side effects and issues related to bile acid resins?
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Decrease absorption of fat-soluble vitamins; people hate it - tastes bad and causes GI discomfort
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What is ezetimibe?
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Cholesterol absorption blockers
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What is the mechanism of cholesterol absorption blockers?
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Prevent cholesterol reabsorption at small intestin brush border
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What is the effect of cholesterol absorption blockers on LDL, HDL, and triglycerides?
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LDL: decrease (x2); HDL: none; triglycerides: none
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What is the side effect of cholesterol absorption blockers?
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Rare increase in liver function tests
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What are gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate?
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"Fibrates"
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What is the mechanism of "fibrates"
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upregulate lipoprotein lipase which results in increased triglyceride clearance
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What is the effect of "fibrates" on LDL, HDL, triglycerides?
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LDL: decrease; HDL: increase; triglycerides: decrease (x3)
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What are the side effects of "fibrates"?
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Myositis and increase liver function tests
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What is the use of digoxin?
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Antiarrhythymic for atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter; increased force of contraction
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What is the mechanism of digoxin?
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direct inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase leading to indirect inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger/ antiport. Increased Ca2+ leads to positive inotropy
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What is the bioavailability and protein binding of digoxin?
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75% bioavailable; 20-40% protein bound
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What is the half-life of digoxin and how is it excreted?
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40 hours; urinary
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What is the adverse side effects of digoxin?
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ECG: increased PR, decreased QT, scooping of ST segment, T wave inversion; Parasympathetic activity: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision; arrhythmia
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What are the toxicities of digoxin?
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Increased renal failure (decreased excretion); hypokalemia - potentiates drug's effects; quinidine (decrease digoxin clearance, displaces digoxin from tissue-binding sites)
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What is the antidote to digoxin toxicity?
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Slowly normalize K+, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+
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