Cardiovascular Pharmacology Antihypertensive And Antianginal

Front 1

What are clonidine, methyldopa, hexamethonium, reserpine, guanethidine, prazosin, beta-blockers?

Back 1

Sympathoplegics - antihypertensives

Front 2

What are captopril, enalapril, fosinopril?

Back 2

ACE inhibitors - antihypertensives

Front 3

What is losartan?

Back 3

Angiotensin 2 receptor inhibitors

Front 4

What adverse effects does hydrochlorothiazide have?

Back 4

Hypokalemia, mild hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia

Front 5

What adverse effects do loop diuretics have?

Back 5

Potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension, ototoxicity

Front 6

What are the adverse effects of clonidine?

Back 6

Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound hypertension

Front 7

What are the adverse effects of methyldopa?

Back 7

Sedation, positive Coombs' test

Front 8

What are the adverse effects of hexamethonium?

Back 8

Severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction

Front 9

What are the adverse effects of reserpine?

Back 9

Sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea

Front 10

What are the adverse effects of guanthidine?

Back 10

Orthostatic and exercise hypotension, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea

Front 11

What are the adverse effects of prazosin?

Back 11

1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

Front 12

What are the adverse effects of beta-blockers?

Back 12

Impotence, asthma, cardiovascular side effets (bradycardia, CHF, AV block), CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations)

Front 13

What are the adverse effects of hydralazine?

Back 13

Nausea, headache, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention; use with beta-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia and diuretic to prevent salt retention

Front 14

What are the adverse effects of minoxidil?

Back 14

Hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention; use with beta-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia and diuretic to prevent salt retention

Front 15

What are the adverse effects of nifedipine?

Back 15

Dizziness, flushing, nausea

Front 16

What are the adverse effects of verapamil?

Back 16

Constipation, AV block

Front 17

What are the adverse effects of diazoxide?

Back 17

Hyperglycemia, reduce insulin release, hypotension

Front 18

What are the adverse effects of captopril, enalapril, fosinopril?

Back 18

Hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash, increased renin

Front 19

What are the adverse effects of losartan?

Back 19

Fetal renal toxicty, hyperkalemia

Front 20

What is the mechanism of hydralazine?

Back 20

increase cGMP resulting in smooth muscle relaxation

Front 21

What is the use of hydralazine?

Back 21

severe hypertension, CHF; first-line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy with methyldopa

Front 22

What is the mechanism of minoxidil?

Back 22

K+ channel opener - hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle

Front 23

What is the use of minoxidil?

Back 23

severe hypertension

Front 24

What are nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem?

Back 24

calcium channel blockers

Front 25

What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers?

Back 25

Block voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle and thereby reduce muscle contractility

Front 26

List in order of greatest effect on vascular smooth muscle: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem

Back 26

nifedipine > diltiazem > verapamil

Front 27

List in order of greatest effect on the heart: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem

Back 27

verapamil > diltiazem > nifedipine

Front 28

What is the clinical use of calcium channel blockers?

Back 28

hypertension, angina, arrhythmias (except nifedipine), Prinzmetal's angina, Raynaud's phenomenon

Front 29

What is the mechanism of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate?

Back 29

vasodilate by releasing nitric oxide in smooth muscle causing an increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation; dilates veins >> arteries and decreases preload

Front 30

What is the clinical use of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate?

Back 30

angina, pulmonary edema, aphrodisiac and erection enhancer

Front 31

What are the side effects of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate?

Back 31

tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, headache, "Monday disease" in industrial exposure

Front 32

What is the mechanism of nitroprusside and what is it used for?

Back 32

short acting increase cGMP via direct release of NO; malignant hypertension

Front 33

What is the mechanism of fenoldopam and what is it used for?

Back 33

dopamine D1 receptor agonist, relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle; malignant hypertension

Front 34

What is the mechanism of diazoxide and what is it used for?

Back 34

K+ channel opener - hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle; malignant hypertension

Front 35

What is the purpose of antianginal therapy?

Back 35

reduce myocardial O2 consumption by decreasing 1 or more of the determinants of MVO2

Front 36

What are the determinants of myocardial O2 consumption

Back 36

EDV, BP, heart rate, contractility, ejection time

Front 37

What are the effects of nitrates and nifedipine on the determinants of myocardial O2 consumption?

Back 37

Affect preload, decrease MVO2; Increase: contractility, heart rate; Decrease: EDV, bp, ejection time

Front 38

What are the effects of beta-blockers and verapramil on the determinants of myocardial O2 consumption?

Back 38

Affect afterload, decrease MVO2; Increase: EDV, ejection time; Decrease: BP, contractility, heart rate

Front 39

What are the effects of beta-blockers and nitrates on the determinants of myocardial O2 consumption?

Back 39

Strong decrease in MVO2; EDV: little or no effect; BP: decreased; Contractility: little/no effect; Heart rate: decreased; Ejection time: little/no effect