Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does a ECG do? |
records overall speed of electrical activity through the heart such as electrical activity in body fluids by cardiac impulse, overall speed of electrical activity during depolarization and repolarization. Compare electrodes on different parts of the body |
|
|
What are two abnormalities in heart rate? |
Tachycardia Bradycardia |
|
|
What is Tachycardia? |
The heart rate is too fast Above 100 beats per minute |
|
|
What is bradycardia? |
The heart rate is too slow Below 60 beats per minute |
|
|
What are is an abnormal Heart Rhythm? |
Arrhythmia |
|
|
What is Arrhythmia? |
variation of normal rhythm and sequence in excitation of the heart abnormal rhythm |
|
|
What are examples of Arrhythmia? |
Atrial Flutter Atrial fibrillation Ventricle Fribrillation Heart Block
|
|
|
What is Cardiac Myopathies? |
Damage to heart muscle |
|
|
What are examples of three cardiac myopathies? |
Myocardial Ischemia Necrosis Acute Myocardial Infarction |
|
|
What is Myocardial Ischemia? |
inadequate delivery of oxygenated blood to the heart tissue |
|
|
What is Necrosis? |
Death of heart muscle tissue |
|
|
What is Acute Myocardial Infarction? |
Also known as a heart attack occurs when blood vessels supplying blood to the heart becomes blocked or ruptured. |
|
|
What is Cardiac Output? |
the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle each minute |
|
|
How is Cardiac Output determined? |
By heart rate x stroke volume |
|
|
How is Heart rate varied? |
by the altering balance of the parasympathetic and sympathetic influence on SA node. |
|
|
Does parasympathetic slow heart rate or increase heart rate? |
Slows heart rate |
|
|
Does sympathetic slow heart rate or increase heart rate? |
Increase heart rate |
|
|
How is stroke volume determined? |
Determined by the venous return and sympathetic activity |
|
|
What two controls influence stroke volume? |
Intrinsic Extrinsic |
|
|
What is Frank-Sterling Law of the Heart? |
states that heart normally pumps out during systole the volume of blood returned to is during diastole |
|
|
What relationship does the Fran-Sterling Law of the Heart describe? |
Relationship between EDV (end diastolic volume) and stroke volume |
|
|
How is the Heart Muscle nourished? |
Supplied by nutrients and oxygens delivered to it by coronary circulation (not from the chambers) |
|
|
Where does the heart receive most of it's blood? |
During diastole |
|
|
Why does coronary blood flow vary? |
To keep pace with cardiac oxygen needs |
|
|
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
pathological changes within coronary heart walls that diminish blood flow through vessels |
|
|
What is the leading cause of death in the US? |
Coronary Artery Disease |
|
|
Coronary Artery Desease can cause what problems? |
myocardial ischemia (lack of oxygen) and maybe acute myocardial infarction |
|
|
What three mechanism can cause myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction? |
Profound muscle spasms of coronary arteries Formation of atherosclerotic plaques Thromboembolism |
|
|
What is Vascular Spasm? |
abnormal spastic constriction Coronary Vessels narrow |
|
|
What is Vascular Spasm associated with? |
Early stages of coronary artery disease |
|
|
How is Vascular Spasm triggered? Is it reversible? |
Cold, physical exertion, anxiety It is reversible and not long lasting enough to damage heart |
|
|
What is Atherosclerosis? |
Progressive, degenerative arterial disease
|
|
|
What causes Atherosclerosis? |
Gradual blockage of vessels reduce flow Plaque form beneath vessel lining with wall (lipid-rich core covered by an abnormal growth or smooth muscle cells, topped with collagen-rich connective tissue cap) As plaque forms, it bulges into vessel lumen |
|
|
What does Atherosclerosis do? |
Attack arteries throughout the body, most serious damage happens to heart and brain (ex: stroke, heart attack) |
|
|
What are complications of coronary atherosclerosis? |
Angina Pectoria Thromboembolism Heart Attack |
