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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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after stimulation, what actually causes an increase in contractility?
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increasing the Ca+ influx
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how do you increase cardiac contractility?
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ANS activity
Hormones |
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What is the sequence of events for sympathetic stimulation of the SA node?
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NE stimulates B1
G protein coupled stimulation of adnylyl cyclase increased Na+ influx |
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what is the sequence of events for parasympathetic stimulation of the SA node
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ACh stimulates muscarenic receptors
this inhibits adnylyl cyclase decreased Na+ influx |
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how do sympathetics increase contractility?
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positive inotropic effect stimulates greater Ca+ release
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How do parasympathetics decrease contractility?
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negative inotropic effect decreases Ca+ release
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what happens to the force development over time with an increase in sympathetics to the myocardium?
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the rate of rise and fall is much faster and more force is generated
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what happens to the ESV and the EDV when sympathetics are increased?
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EDV stays the same
ESV is decreased |
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what happens to the SV as sympathetics are increased?
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SV increases
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what is Treppe?
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as HR increases, the amount of Ca+ stored in the SR increases. This allows for greater contractility and maintains CO at high HR
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What happens to the EDV and SV as you increase preload?
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they increase
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what happens to EDV and SV as you increase contractility?
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EDV stays the same
SV increases (ESV lowers) |
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how do you calculate Stroke Work?
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LVSW= SV X LVPP
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how would you determine stroke work without catheterization?
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LVSW= SV X MAP
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How do you calculate Mean Arterial Pressure?
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MAP= DP + 1/3 PP
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how do you calculate ventricular minute work?
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LVMW= LVSW X HR
or LVMW= SV X MAP X HR |
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how do you calculate LV work index?
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LVSW/SA
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how do you measure CO via the Fick method?
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CO= O2 consumption/(Arterial O2 - Venous O2)
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what is the average cardiac efficiency?
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5 to 15%
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Chicken Parmesan
CHIX PARM |
4/8 oz. boneless chicken breast coated with Mamma Mandola breadcrumbs, spinach, fontina cheese, romano cheese, onions and garlic. Topped with our bechamel sauce (flour, milk, butter, salt, pepper, nutmeg, romano cheese and a d0llop of Pomodoro)
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