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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi: Phylum Zygomycota Pt 2 |
Produce Zygosporangium: resistant structure where karyogamy & meiosis occurs
Resistant to freezing/drying; metabolic inactive
Ideal conditions: release genetically diverse haploid spores |
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Fungi: Phylum Glomeromycota |
Form distinct type of mycorrhizae: arbuscular (tiny-treelike structures)
Push into plant root cells; found in about 90% of plants |
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Fungi: Phylum Ascomycota |
Sac fungi
asci- saclike, where sexual spores produced
many important saprobes(decomposers)
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Fungi: Phylum Ascomycota Pt 2 |
ascocarps- macroscopic fruiting bodies where sexual stage occurs
conidia- produced by condiosphores (specialized hyphae where asexual reproduction occurs) |
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Fungi: Phylum Basidiomycota |
club fungi; ex. mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi
bastidium( latin 4 little pedal) ; transient diploid stage; pl. basidia long-lived dikaryotic mycelium
decomposers of wood (especially) & other plant material (esp. lignin) |
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Fungi: Phylum Basidiomycota Pt 2 |
basidiocarps- elaborate fruiting bodies; sexual reproduction fairy ring: ring of mushrooms appears as fungi concentrate growth in hyphae; increases nutrient absorption
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Molds |
term refers to early asexual life style
Some deutermycetes (imperfect fungi)- no known sexual stage
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Yeasts |
unicellular fungi; inhabit liquid or moist habitats
some produce sexually by forming asci or basidia
most asexual- budding or simple cell division
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Yeasts: Human Benefits |
Saccharaomyces cerevisiae - ascomycete most important of all domesticated fungi
baker's yeast: release small bubble of CO2
brewer's yeast- cultured anaerobically; ferments sugar to alcohol |
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Yeasts: Human Problems |
Pink yeast Rhodotorula- grows on shower curtains & other moist places
Candida- inhabits moist epithelial tissue- vaginal lining- yeast infections- opportunisitic |
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Lichens |
often mistaken 4 mosses
symbiotic association of photosynthetic microorganisms (green algae or cyanobacteria) held in mesh of fungal hypahe
Given genus & species name |
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Lichens: Breakdown Pt 2 |
Fungus: gives shape/structure/ protection
Algae/cyanobacteria: provides fungus food
Live where neither could live alone |
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Mycorrhizae |
mutual association of plant roots & fungi
fungal mycelium extension greatly inc absorptive surface of roots
exchange: fungus gives minerals to plants for nutrients synthesized by plant |
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Mycorrhizae Pt 2 |
Almost all vascular plants have em
Ascomeycota, Basidomycota & Zygomycota have members that form em |
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Fungal-Animal Symbioses |
help break down plant material in guts of cattle & other grazing mammals
Farms- many ants utilize digestive power by raising em in farms: supplying nurients, eat food off the tips
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Fungi: Ecological Impact |
W/ bacteria: principal decompers
Cryphonectria parasitica - eliminated American Chestnut
Ophiostoma ulmi- acomycete- Dutch Elm Disease
Wheat Rust |
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Fungi: Human Impact |
Claviceps purpurea- forms ergots on rye Poison causes gangrene, nervous spasms, hallucinations & temporary insanity
mold Aspergillus aflatoxins- carcinogenic
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Fungi: Commercial Relevance |
Food source: Mushrooms, flavors of blue cheese & Roquefort, morels, truffles (fruiting bodies)
Penicillium- 1st antibiotic made from common bread mold |
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Fungi: Animal parasites |
athlete's foot, lung disease, & ringworm disease
mycosis- fungal infection in anima
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