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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proposition |
a truth or falsehood that may or may not be expressed in a sentence |
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Cognitive meaning |
information conveyed by the sentence |
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Emotive force |
emotion the sentence expresses or tends to elicit |
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Ambiguous words |
Have more than one meaning |
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Vague words |
have borderline cases |
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Extension |
of a term consists of the set of things to which the term applies |
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Intension |
of a term consists of the properties a thing must have to be included in the term's extension |
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Extensional definition |
specifies the meaning of a term by indicating the set of things which the term applies to |
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Extensional definition -ostensive definition |
specifies the meaning of a term by pointing to objects in its extension |
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Extensional definition -verbal definition -enumerative |
specifies the meaning of a term by naming the members of the extension indvidually |
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Extensional definition -verbal definition -definition by subclass |
Specifies the meaning of a term by naming the members of the extension in groups |
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lexical definition |
reports the conventional intension of a term |
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stipulative definition |
specifies the intension of a term independently of convention or established use |
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precising definition |
reduces the vaguesness of a term by imposing limits on lexical definitions (i.e very strong argument = .95 prob true) |
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theoretical definition |
attempts to provide adequate understanding of the things to which the term applies |
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definiendum |
the word being defined |
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definiens |
the word doing the defining |
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subclass |
X is a subclass of Y given that all of X is a member of Y |
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Proper subclass |
X is a proper subclass of Y given that all of X is a memebr of Y AND Y has memebrs X lacks |
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Genus Species |
class of objects - genus proper subclass of genus - species |
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difference |
is the attribute that distinguishes the member of a given species from the members of other species in the same genus. |
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counterexample |
to a definition is something to which the term applies to but doesn't meet the condition, or which meets the conditions but the term doesn't apply to |
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circular |
an argument is cirular if the definiendum appears in the definiens |
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Equivocation |
occurs when a word is used with more than one meaning in an argument, but the validity of the argument depends on the word being used with the same meaning throughout |
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a merely verbal dispute |
when disputants appear to disagree, but an ambigous word hides the fact that the disagreement is unreal |
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persuasive definition |
is a definition that is slanted toward a particular conclusion or POV |
