Business Ethics

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Philosophy

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the rational investigation of the truths and principles ofbeing, knowledge, or conduct.

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Science

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the systematic knowledge of the physicalor material world gained through observation and experimentation.

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ethics or moral philosophy

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the study of morality

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Morality according to Ricard DeGeorge

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“a term used to cover thosepractices and activities that are considered importantly right and wrong; the rules thatgovern those activities; and the values that are embedded, fostered, or pursued bythose activities and practices.”

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Moral judgments

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evaluations of people or actions or institutions as goodor bad, right or wrong, just or unjust, fair or unfair, and so on

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Descriptive ethics

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closely related to anthropology, sociology, and psychology and they lean heavily on them.
It consists of studying and describing the morality of a people, culture, or society
It compares and contrasts different moral systems, codes, practices, beliefs, principles, and values
It provides basic material that normative ethics must account for, and It provides a touchstone of the considered morality of a people or society with which the normative theory must more or less coalesce.

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Normative ethics

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builds on the whole that descriptive ethics provides and attempts tosupply and justify a coherent moral system based on it. The task of normative ethics isfourfold:
It attempts to form into a related whole the various norms, rules, and values of asociety’s morality.
It attempts to find the basic principles from which the particular norms can bederived.
It attempts, in a variety of ways, to justify the basic principle of morality.
It attempts to provide a procedure by which conflicting norms can be adjudicated andparticular cases decided.

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Metaethics

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the study of normativeethics, and to some extent, both normative and descriptive ethics involve some metaethicalactivity. It is sometimes called analytical ethics because it is concerned with analysis

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Special ethics

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applies general ethics first to solving particular problemsand second to investigating the morality of specialized areas of human endeavor

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Casuistry

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the art of solving difficultmoral problems, cases, or dilemmas through the careful application of moral principles.a. It uses the principles and norms that have been developed and justified in generalethics.