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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skelatal muscle is an
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Organ
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A muscle cell is a bundle of many________
Each of which is a chain of ________ |
myofibrills
sacromeres |
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______in the sacomere anchors to the Z disk
______ attaches to thin filaments |
Actin (a protein)
myosin (a protein) |
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Alignment of__________causes striations in skeletal muscles.
Are they aligned in smooth muscles? Why? |
Z-discs
No, so they can contract in multiple directions. |
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What ultimately moves the actin filaments toward Z-disk in contraction?
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Release of ADP and Phosphate
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________ blocks binding sites on thick actin filament at rest
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tropomyosin
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_________ binds to _______ and rotates tropomyosin which unblocks the actin from being bound to by the myosin head.
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calcium
troponin Upon death all calcium is released so al muscle is contracted. |
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Action potential initiated in muscle cell propagates down________
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T-tubule
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Upon action potential initiation, stored calcium from the __________flows into the cytosol causing muscle to contract.
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sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
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Most sensory cells are__________or specialized ________ cells
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afferent neurons
epithelial |
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Gustation = ?
Olfaction = ? |
Taste
Smell |
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In mammals 1 taste bud = _________ taste cells.
Where do taste buds occur? |
50-100 tatse cells
tongue top, palate, epiglottis, esophagus |
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_____bind tatstant and cause neurotransmitter release
______ give rise to new receptor cells |
receptor cells
basal stem cells |
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Elongated microvilli called __________ on each receptor cell binds 1 of 5 tastant types
5 tastant types? |
gustatory hairs
Salty, Sweet, Umami, Bitter, Sour |
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How many of the taste-cell types does each taste bud contain?
Umami senses? Sour responds to? |
ALL 5
glutamates Acid (H+) |
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In mammals, olfaction receptor cells are specialized___________
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neurons
Basal cells replace receptor cells (a neuron!) |
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Odorant binging to receptor cell causes the production of_________ which leads to stimulation
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cAMP
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Chemoreceptor in roof of mouth of many animals that binds to odorants, tastants, and/or pheromones
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Vomeronasal Organ (aka Jacobson’s Organ)
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A stretchreceptor organ with sensory nerve endings wrapped around special muscle fibers
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Muscle spindle
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Hearing is the result of what type of receptors?
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mechanoreceptors
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Outer ear = ?
Middle ear = ? Inner ear = ? Tympanic membrane: ? |
Outer ear = pinna and auditory canal
Middle ear = Malleus, incus, stapes, Eustachian tube Inner ear = semicircular canals, cochlea Tympanic membrane: separates outer and middle ears |
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rate at which basilar membrane and hair cells vibrate = ?
Which section of basilar membrane and hair cells vibrate =? |
-volume
-pitch |
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___________enables a fish to monitor water currents, pressure, and low frequency sounds conducted through the water.
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Lateral Line System
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Can detect radiant heat in the IR wavelengths?
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Pit Organs
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Light Detector of compound eyes = ?
Found in? |
ommatidium
arthropods |
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Single Lens Eyes are found in?
________changes shape to refract and focus light from different distances onto retina. _______ contains photoreceptors ______is fixed. |
spiders, mollusks, jellies and vertebrates
Lens Retina Cornea |
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2 types of photoreceptors:
______ light-sensitive; no colors _______ less light-sensitive; distinguish colors |
Rods
Cones |
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Rods and Cones contain a pigment consisting of 2 parts:
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Retinal and Opsin
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In rods:
Retinal + Opsin = |
Rhodopsin
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In cones:
Retinal + opsin = How many types in cones? |
photopsin
3 |
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_____activates high temp receptor
______ (in mint) activates low temp receptor |
capscaisin
menthol |
