Bsc 2011C Exam Three Flash Cards Hormones And The Endocrine System

Front 1

Endocrine glands and organs secrete hormones into the _______________

Back 1

circulatory system

Front 2

4 Main characteristics of endocrine system

Back 2

Chemical signals
Carried by blood vessels
Slower response
Long-term response

Front 3

The Endocrine system uses _________ to communicate between body parts

Back 3

HORMONES

Front 4

exocrine glands secrete products into ________ that lead to external environment.
Examples of exocrine glands:
,

Back 4

ducts (endocrine doesn't use ducts)

Sebaceous gland, sweat gland, lingual glands, mammary gland

Front 5

What three organs are both endocrine and exocrine?

Back 5

Stomach, Liver, Pancreas

Front 6

Exocrine function of the stomach?

Back 6

Secrete into lumen of gastric gland
• Mucus cells - mucus
• Parietal cells - H+ and Cl-
• Chief cells - Pepsinogen

Front 7

Endocrine function of the stomach?

Back 7

• G-cells secrete gastrin into blood
• Gastrin stimulates HCl production

Coffee stimulates gastrin release increasing HCl in stomach

Front 8

Exocrine function of the Liver

Back 8

Secretes bile into lumen of bile duct

Front 9

Endocrine function of the Liver

Back 9

• Along with kidney, secretes thrombopoietin into blood
• Stimulates platelet production in bone marrow
(Megakaryocytopoiesis)
• Angiotensinogen: raises blood pressure
• insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) - important role in childhood growth

Front 10

Exocrine function of the Pancreas

Back 10

• Secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into lumen of pancreatic duct (which goes into small intestine)

Front 11

Endocrine function of the pancreas

Back 11

Secretes insulin & glucagon into blood - regulates blood glucose level

Front 12

Local regulators that secrete chemicals that affect nearby cells or themselves?

Are these chemicals hormones?

Back 12

paracrine & autocrine

NOT hormones

Typically NOT considered part of the endocrine system since local effect only

Front 13

Local regulators that cross synapses

Back 13

Neurotransmitters

Front 14

Released from specialized neurons of nervous system organs into the blood

Back 14

Neurohormones

Front 15

Epinephrine's effect on the following:

Liver
Skeletal muscle blood vessel
Intestinal blood vessel

Back 15

-Liver: stimulates breakdown of glycogen and glucose is released
-Skeletal muscle blood vessel: stimulates dilation
-Intestinal blood vessel: stimulates constriction

Front 16

________& _______ control much of endocrine system

Back 16

Hypothalamus & Pituitary

Front 17

Does the posterior pituitary gland synthesize hormones?
What hormones does it secrete?

Back 17

NO, it stores and secretes hormones made by the hypothalamus

ADH and Oxytocin

Front 18

Anterior pituitary gland controlled by hormones delivered directly from ____________ (vs. post pit which is controlled by nerve impulse from ______________)

Back 18

hypothalamus

hypothalamus

Front 19

regulate other endocrine organs (FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH)

Back 19

Tropic hormones

Front 20

hormones directly stimulate target cells to induce effects (Prolactin, MSH)

Back 20

Non-tropic

Front 21

Some ant. pit. hormones have both tropic & non-tropic effects, example?

Back 21

Growth hormone

Front 22

Tropic effect of Growth hormone?

Non-tropic?

Back 22

Tropic -Induces liver to release IGF-1 which regulates bone growth

Non-tropi - Acts directly on muscles to stimulate growth

Front 23

Gigantism, Dwarfism and Acromegaly are due to ?

Back 23

Abnormal levels of growth hormone

Front 24

The Thyroid absorbs and stores _______?

Produces and secretes ?

Back 24

-Iodine

-T3, T4, and Calcitonin

Front 25

______ is converted in to ______ in the liver, kidney, spleen using _______?

Back 25

T4 converted to T3 using selenium

Front 26

Function of T3 and T4?

Which one is more stable? Most present in blood? Which one is more active?

Back 26

-Regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, reproduction

-T4 more stable and more present in blood

-T3 more active

Front 27

Function of Calcitonin? Where is it produced?

Back 27

Increased Ca2+ causes calcitonin release --> calcitonin Inhibits uptake of Ca2+ from small intestine and inhibits Ca2+ release from bones

Front 28

Autoimmune disease
Antibody binds to TSH receptor on anterior pituitary
Causes too much T3/T4 to be made
5-10x more common in women

Back 28

Grave’s disease

Front 29

Normally, increased T3/T4 in blood causes decreased _______ but w/ goiter, lack of T3/T4 leads to high _______ since no neg feedback

Back 29

-TSH

-TSH

Front 30

Type 1 diabetes

Back 30

low insulin production

appears during childhood

Front 31

Type 2 diabetes

Back 31

Insulin receptor on target body/liver cells malfunction so don’t uptake glucose
Usually occurs after age 40 but obesity lowers age

Front 32

The posterior pituitary gland is controlled by?

Back 32

controlled by nerve impulse from hypothalamus

Front 33

The anterior pituitary is controlled by?

Back 33

Controlled by hormones delivered directly from hypothalamus

Front 34

T3 and T4 are made form?

Back 34

tyrosine and iodine

Front 35

T4 is converted to T3 where?

Back 35

in liver, kidney, spleen using selenium (a mineral)

Front 36

Where is calcitonin produced?

Back 36

Produced in C-cells of thyroid

Front 37

____________ causes calcitonin release

Back 37

Increased Ca2+

Front 38

Function of calcitonin?

Back 38

•Inhibits uptake of Ca2+ from small intestine

•Inhibits Ca2+ release from bones

Front 39

hyperthyroidism disease?

Back 39

grave's disease

Front 40

Autoimmune disease
Antibody binds to TSH receptor on anterior pituitary
Causes too much T3/T4 to be made

Back 40

Grave's disease