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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Language of Beowulf
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Old English
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Poetic devices of Beowulf
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stress and alliteration
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parataxis
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combination of clauses or phrases without conjunctions
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Ex. "Their mail coats shone
hard, hand-linked, bright rings of iron rang out on their gear, when right to the hall they went trooping in their terrible armor." |
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alliteration
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repeated consonants
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Ex. "bit into his bone-locks"
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synecdoche
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part of something to describe the whole thing
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Ex. "bit into his joints"
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kenning
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short metaphorical formulae
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Ex. "wave-way" =ocean
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favorite drink of Beowulf and his friends
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mead
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How does the custom of wergild explain the "deep misery" of Hrothgar?
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He cannot seek restitution from a supernatural creature on behalf of his dead companions.
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hypotaxis
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opposite of parataxis; uses if, when, etc.
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formulaic
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repeated words
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What is the name of Hrothgar's tribe?
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Danes
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What is the name of Beowulf's tribe?
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Geats
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What does the name of King Hrothgar's hall mean?
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Heorot= hart
or male deer |
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Where did the Anglo Saxons originally come from?
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Denmark and Germany
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How are Anglo Saxons described?
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war-bands, long-ships, mail, mead-halls
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When Beowulf is describing his fight with sea creatures, he says "Wyrd [fate] often spares / an undoomed man ______________________"
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when his courage endures!
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When Grendel's mother comes to Heorot, Beowulf tells Hrothgar, "Sorry not, wise one. It is always better _________________"
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to avenge one's friend than to mourn overmuch.
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What does the following phrase describe?
"unique among ancient treasures -- its edge was iron, etched with poison stripes, hardened with the blood of war; it had never failed any man who grasped it in his hands in battle." |
a sword named Hrunting
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"The good man, Beowulf the Geat,
spoke a few _______ words before he lay down." |
boasting
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What is the epithet commonly given to women in the world of Beowulf?
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peace-weaver
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How long does Beowulf rule the Geats before the events at the end of the poem?
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50 years
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TF: Beowulf becomes king of the Geats by killing Hygelac.
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False
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What term best describes the language of the poem? (the original language, not our translation).
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Old English
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Who are the Frisians?
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enemies
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Who was Hygelac?
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ruler of Beowulf's tribe
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Who was Unferth?
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friend/honorary of Hrothgar
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Who was Heremod?
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example of bad ruler; a king of the Danes; wasn't generous
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Who was Wealtheow?
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wife of Hrothgar; peace weaver
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How was the culture of Beowulf's world?
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materialistic
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What was Sutton Hoo?
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a burial site (ship burial) from Beowulf's time
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How long does Beowulf rule the Geats before the events at the end of the poem?
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50 years
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TF: Beowulf becomes king of the Geats by killing Hygelac.
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False
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What term best describes the language of the poem? (the original language, not our translation).
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Old English
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Who are the Frisians?
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enemies
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Who was Hygelac?
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ruler of Beowulf's tribe
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Who was Unferth?
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friend/honorary of Hrothgar
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Who was Heremod?
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example of bad ruler; a king of the Danes; wasn't generous
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Who was Wealtheow?
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wife of Hrothgar; peace weaver
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How was the culture of Beowulf's world?
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materialistic
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What was Sutton Hoo?
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a burial site (ship burial) from Beowulf's time
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How long does Beowulf rule the Geats before the events at the end of the poem?
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50 years
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TF: Beowulf becomes king of the Geats by killing Hygelac.
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False
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What term best describes the language of the poem? (the original language, not our translation).
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Old English
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Who are the Frisians?
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enemies
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Who was Hygelac?
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ruler of Beowulf's tribe
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Who was Unferth?
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friend/honorary of Hrothgar
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Who was Heremod?
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example of bad ruler; a king of the Danes; wasn't generous
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Who was Wealtheow?
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wife of Hrothgar; peace weaver
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How was the culture of Beowulf's world?
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materialistic
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What was Sutton Hoo?
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a burial site (ship burial) from Beowulf's time
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What does Wyrd mean?
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fate
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Where is the first part of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight set?
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Camelot
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Apart from the axe he carries, what other arms and armor does the Green Knight have?
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no other arms
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Gawain tells King Arthur, "I am the _________ of [your knights], I know..."
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weakest
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Which of the following best describes the reason why the Green Knight is called "Green"?
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because he and his horse are literally green
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On what day of the year do the events of Part 1 of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight take place?
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New Year's Day
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If the Green Knight survives blow Gawain gives, how long does Gawain before he has to undergo the return blow from the Green Knight?
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a year
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between King Arthur and Gawain?
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King Arthur is Gawain's uncle.
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What do we know about the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight?
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NOT his name, age, sex, social class, age, or date of birth
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What poetic techniques are used to organize Sir Gawain and the Green Knight?
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alliteration and rhyme
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What language is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight written in?
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Middle English
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What techniques do Anglo Saxon poetic techniques reflect?
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defamiliarazation
making it harder to get to the actual idea: metaphor, circumlocution (talk around something), sexual innuendos, misdirection, altered perspective |
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What is the word for adventure in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight?
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aventir- future, what is to come
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What language is spoken by the aristocrats in the time of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight?
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French
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Lancelot is well known, so why didn't he volunteer?
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Gawain was the original hero of Arthur's court
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What are the 5 points of the Pentangle?
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5 senses, 5 fingers, 5 wounds, 5 joys, 5 moral virtues (generosity, love, courtesy, compassion, purity)
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moral agent
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characters that make choices that matter
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Did Gawain actually learn anything?
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Despair is the sin of pride, so no, because he is still being prideful, just in a different way. He can't accept being anywhere in the middle.
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How to speak in Middle English:
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1. pronounce all letters (including final e)
2. vowels are different-shorter, like Spanish almost 3. roll r's a little 4. final s stays an s, not a z |
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What is estates satire?
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making fun of the 3 estates (knights, churches, peasants)
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What class was Chaucer?
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Middle class, son of a wine merchant
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What class did Chaucer write for?
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aristocrats
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How does Chaucer eventually get out of his social class?
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His granddaughter marries into nobility
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Traveling 30 miles or so a day on horseback, how long would it take to get from London to Canterbury?
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2 days; it was only about a 60 mile journey
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What is the verse form of the Canterbury Tales?
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Iambic pentameter
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What genre (type) of Medieval literature is the General Prologue?
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estates satire
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What form of the verb is yronne (line 8)?
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past participle
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What form of the verb is priketh (line 11)
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present indicative
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What is the subject of the verb "priketh" (line 11)? (see p. 18).
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Nature
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He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde
In al his lyf unto no maner wight; He was a verray parfit gentil ________. |
knyght
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Dramatic irony
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when the audience knows something that the characters don't
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situational irony
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Ex. nurses out back of hospital smoking
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verbal irony
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saying one thing that means another
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Ex. sarcasm
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satire
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mocking irony form
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How did Monk's get the stereotype of being fat?
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They ate 6000 calories a day; study found that their vertebrae were thick
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How is Canterbury Tales narrated?
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Multiple levels of narration: Chaucer, Pilgrim narrator, Miller, Nicholas, flood story...
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Meta
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above and beyond
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Ex. meta awareness
awareness about awareness |
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What is the setting for the Wife of Bath's Tale?
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Arthurian England
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The young knight in the Wife of Bath's Tale is guilty of what crime?
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rape
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Wommen may go now saufly up and doun.
In every bussh or under every tree Ther is noon oother incubus but he [the limitour -- a friar], And he ne wol doon hem but dishonour. In the above phrase, what does the Wife of Bath mean by saying that friars under bushes will do women "dishonour"? |
She means that they will rape women.
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I grante thee lyf, if thou kanst tellen me
What thyng is it ____________________. |
that wommen moost desiren.
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What is the ordinary punishment for the knight's crime?
(Wife of Bath's Tale) |
beheading
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How long does the knight have to find out what the queen asks for?
(Wife of Bath's Tale) |
a year and a day
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The person who tells the knight the secret he needs to know is...
(Wife of Bath's Tale) |
an ugly old woman
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He nys nat gentil, be he duc or erl;
For vileyns synful dedes make a ____. |
cherl
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The knight's new wife asks him to choose what she will be for him. What are the two options?
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old and faithful or young and unfaithful
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TF: The Wife of Bath's Tale has a happy ending for the knight?
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True
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stereotypes
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Meaning:something you know before meeting someone; expected characteristic; commonly held misconception; generalization
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Literary: sketch minor characters; help with satire
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The Schrew
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outspoken critical woman
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The Wife of Bath herself
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What biblical events does the Second Shepherd's play narrate?
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the nativity
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Who is the "he" Coll refers to in lines 53-65?
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his feudal lord
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What language is the Second Shepherd's Play written in?
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Middle English
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How do the shepherds punish Mak for his crime?
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They toss him in a blanket
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When would the Second Shepherd's Play been performed?
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Midsummer
(Christmas) |
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What is Mak's wife named?
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Gill
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Why does the Second Shepherd's Play look more like Modern English?
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It was performed so late that it looks more like Modern English, but still the same pronunciations as Middle English
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What type of genre was the Second Shepherd's play?
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Medieval Drama
or Cycle plays: parts of historical cycle, dramatize events in Biblical narrative, performed by trade guilds, produced in and by a secular arena (didn't come out of the Church) |
the first vernacular literature (written by everyday people for everyday people)
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anachronism
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things that don't fit with the setting
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Ex. The Second Shepherd's Play: society is feudal, names of Shepherds, moors would not have been in a field outside of Bethlehem; events that haven't happened yet are mentioned (crucifixion)
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What kind of plot did the Second Shepherd's Play have?
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a double plot: stolen sheep and nativitiy
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What was the genre of Mankind?
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morality play: overly religious message and tone
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the constant struggle between good and evil
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Where did Mankind come from?
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performed near Cambridge; East Anglian dialect of Middle English
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Caritas
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moving toward God (charity)
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Cupitas
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moving away from God (cupidity-desire for gifts)
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Morality plays vs. cycle plays
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focus on individual rather than on history; similar to spirituality; performed in completely secular (non religious) space
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allegory
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characters are not real people but abstract concepts (Mercy); motivations are limited; setting is not real, but psychological or moral
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psychomacia
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a drama played out within an individual person; characters represent parts of a single individual
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psyche-soul
machos-battle |
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What are the vices?
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Mischief, Nowadays, Nought, Newguise
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part of Mankind's character
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What characters are outside of Mankind?
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Mercy-divine
Titivillus-Devil |
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Why are the vices not terribly bad?
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They are still immature and childish
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poetics
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theory about art of poetry
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chivalric romance
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wandering individual story
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inversion
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contrast is a basic feature
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The Wife of Bath's definition of authority:
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writing of learned men
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Fabliau
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a short metrical, humorous play
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Ex. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales: the Miller's Tale
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