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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

COMPOSITION OF INHALED AIR
  • Nitrogen: 79%
  • Oxygen: 21%
  • CO2: Trace

COMPOSITION OF EXHALED AIR
  • Nitrogen: 79%
  • Oxygen: 17%
  • CO2: 4%

RESPIRATORY HAZARDS


  • High Temperature
  • Oxygen Deficiency
  • Toxic Environment
  • Smoke Concentrations

TYPES OF BREATHING APPARATUS
  • Closed Circuit Breathing Apparatus
    - circulates compressed O2
    - CO2 removed
    - Recirculates unused O2
    - provides approx. 3hrs
  • Open Circuit Breathing Apparatus
    - uses compressed air
    - all exhausted gas is expelled to the
    atmosphere
    - provides 30-45 min

OPEN CIRCUIT BREATHING


APPARATUS


- ADVANTAGES (6)
  • Simple to operate
  • Quick to put on
  • Are positive pressure
  • Cool, dry air
  • Less chance of fatigue, heat stress and deydration (Short duration)
  • Quick to re-charge

OPEN CIRCUIT BREATHING


APPARATUS


- DISADVANTAGES (3)
  • Not pre-determined duration
  • Limited 'entrapped procedure' possible
  • Large cylinder, relatively short work time

BREATHING


APPARATUS


MAIN COMPONENTS


  1. CARRIER FRAME AND HARNESS
  2. BODYGUARD UNIT
  3. AUXILIARY AIR LINE CONNECTION
  4. AIR CYLINDER
  5. REDUCING VALVE ASSEMBLY
  6. SAFETY VALVE
  7. DEMAND VALVE
  8. FACE MASK

BREATHING APPARATUS
- CARRIER FRAME


AND HARNESS
  • Carbon composite material
  • Impact resistant
  • Anti-Static
  • Resistant to High temperature and chemicals

BREATHING APPARATUS
- AIR CYLINDER
  • Aluminium cylinder wrapped in carbon fibre
  • Volumetric capacity of 6.8 litres
  • Contains 2040 litres of compressed air at 300 Bar
  • Weight of full cylinder is 7kg
  • Tested every 5 years at 450 Bar
  • Full cylinders identified with Blue cap

BREATHING APPARATUS
- REDUCING VALVE
  • Reduces pressure from 300 Bar to 6-9 Bar
  • Flow rate of up to 500 litres per minute
  • Sufficient flow for 2 people
  • Incorporates Safety Value

BREATHING APPARATUS


- SAFETY VALVE
  • Incorporated into Reducing Value
  • Activated at 11-15 Bar

BREATHING APPARATUS


- BODYGUARD UNIT
  • CYLINDER AIR PRESSURE IN BAR
  • TIME REMAINING TO LOW AIR ALARM
  • MOVEMENT SENSOR
  • DISTRESS ALARM
  • AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
  • BATTERY LIFE

BODYGUARD UNIT
- AUDIBLE WARNING SIGNAL

Unit has 2 types of alarms



  • Electronic beep:
    - Activated: 100 Bar

-


  • Mechanical Whistle
    - Activated: 60 Bar
    - Ceases: 0 Bar

BREATHING APPARATUS
- DEMAND VALVE
  • Connects to face mask and supplies air
  • max. flow rate of 500L/min
  • initiated by First Breath mechanism
  • Black purge Button
  • Red Park Button
  • Fail Safe system

BREATHING APPARATUS
- FACE MASK
  • Full view perspex visor
  • Double reflex seal
  • Stainless steel speech diaphragm
  • Five point adjustable head harness
  • Quick release tabs
  • Exhalation Value
  • Demand value quick release button
  • Neck Strap
  • Internal mask and 2 inhalation valves

BREATHING APPARATUS
- AUXILIARY AIR-LINE

  • Provides additional air-line for buddy breathing

PRACTICAL CHECKS


AND TESTS (5)
(Change of Shifts tests)
  1. General Check
    - Check all components and cylinder
  2. Pressure Seal Test
    - To test for any air leaks
  3. Audible Alarm Test
    - To test the audible low air alarm
  4. Motion Sensor Test
    - To test if motion sensor is working
  5. Distress Alarm Test
    - Check its working

MAINTENANCE
- Face Mask
  • Remove demand valve from face mask
  • Rinse in clean water
  • Immerse in Virkon solution for 10mins.
    50g in 5 Litres
  • Remove and soak in clean water for 5 mins
  • Rinse thoroughly
  • Dry with Lint Free Clean



Dispose of Virkon after 7 days or if discolored

CAUTIONS
AND
WARNINGS
  • Keep Demand Value opening clear of contaminants when mask disconnected
  • Don't inhale directly from Demand Value
  • Keep Reducing Value clear of contaminants
  • All parts are individually numbered
  • Keep unit complete - don't mix components

FAULTY


BREATHING


APPARATUS

If a BA Fault occurs:



  1. Repeat Startup Test x2
  2. If Fail - Change Cylinder and Repeat
  3. If Fail - Notify OIC
  4. Remove the BA from the vehicle
  5. Complete BA Fault Tag and attach to BA
  6. Arrange for replacement with Zone Station or FS38

BA TALLY BOARDS
  • Stage 1 for small incidents
  • Stage 2

BA OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
Duties of the Officer in Charge
  • Send wordback including message - Stage 1 BA in operation
  • Decide on and implement any communication procedure that may be required
  • Supervise check on tally board and BA Operators

BA OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
Duties of BA Operators
  • Remove tally from BA and place on tally board
  • Enter 'Time In' detail on board
  • Implement communication procedure
  • Maintain check on BA pressure gauge to check for 'Time Out'
  • Return Tally to BA set on completion

BA OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES - Stage 2
  • Implemented over protracted period
  • require attendance of BA38
  • OIC will setup entry point - known as BA Entry
  • If required, more than 1 entry point is established
  • BA Entry identified in distinctive way
    - BA Entry Sector 1
  • Each BA Entry has a tally board
  • Time of alarm and location of team recorded on board
  • Each BA wearer hands their tally to the person in charge
  • Tallies of Stage 1 are transferred to BA Entry tally board
  • Responsibilities are then handed over

BA OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
- Responsibilities
  • Officer in Charge
    Responsible for ensuring F/F etc are all appropriately protected
  • Firefighters
    Are to ensure their own safety

BA OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
Responsibilities of person in charge of BA

  • Ensure F/F are relieved at the appropriate time
  • Have sufficient standbys for relief purposes
  • Have at least 2 F/F standing by dressed in BA for emergency purposes
  • Initiate emergency measures when necessary
  • Send periodic updates to Logistics Officer

BA OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
Procedure to be followed by crews
  • Must be donned in fresh air
  • Must work in teams of at least two (2)
  • When cylinder reaches pre-determined level or pressure warning signal operates, the firefighter must come out accompanied by at least one other Firefighter.
  • When a distress signal is sounded all hearing the signal will proceed toward the signal sound
  • Guidelines are to be used only on the instruction of the Officer in Charge
  • Don't enter a building without depositing your tally at a BA Entry and on leaving report to BA Entry and collect your tally.
  • Respond accordingly to the Emergency Signal Unit (Evacuation Horn) signals.

SHIFT PROCEDURES
FOR BA WEARERS

It is duty of the Firefighters



  • Carry out general check of BA sets at commencement of shift
  • Record relevant information on the tallies
  • Check that the tally board is in order and available for use
  • Check time on tally board corresponds with time on STO in watch room
  • Check that personal lines and guidelines are available
  • Report result of check to OIC

EMERGENCY


SIGNAL


UNIT


  • Evacuation
    - 3 short blasts of 1 second each


  • Cease operations/quiet
    - 1 blast of 3 seconds
  • Resume operations
    - 1 blast of 3 seconds followed
    by 1 blast of 1 second


A 3 second interval will occur and the signal is repeated until the site is evacuated or deemed necessary

GUIDELINES


  • Made from 5mm polyester multi-filament rope and are 60 metres in length
  • Running end fotted with a snap hook - other end terminated in a loop, 150mm in length
  • Way out - single and double metal band are 150mm apart and fitted at 2.4m intervals
  • 1, 2, Free
  • Carried in fabric container on belt of wearer
  • Can be extended by clipping on another guideline
  • One main guideline per route from BA Entry to scene of operation
  • No more than 2 guidelines per BA Entry Officer
  • Main guidelines are designated alphabetically A, B etc by means of circular tallies 75mm in diameter

GUIDELINES
- Branch
  • designated numerically by rectangular
    tallies 100mm x 50mm
  • identified with one, two, three or four
    holes to indicate the number of the
    branch line

GUIDELINES
- Personal
  • secured to BA wearer and attached to guideline to enable the wearer to follow the line and to search off it up to the limit of the personal line
  • Personal lines are 6m in length
  • Running end is fitted with a large snap hook and the other end fitted with a smaller snap hook
  • D ring is fitted to the line 1.2 m from the running end to allow the use of a 'short line' when following the guideline

GUIDELINE
- Procedures

When operating guidelines:



  1. The line is contained in a suitable pouch and carried on the belt of the wearer
  2. Then team should consist of a minimum of 2 personnel
  3. Team Leader carries the guideline. Last firefighter of the team makes the line fast at a convenient height of the ground
  4. Line to be made fast on the side of the search, crossing over to be avoided if possible
  5. If penetration is deep an additional guideline should be carried
  6. When laying guideline is laid, other team members should attach themselves to the line by hook of the personal line
  7. When attached individually, team members should maintain in contact as far as possible by physical touch
  8. If a team has to retiree before object is reached, the container and line should be removed and made fast at a convenient point for subsequent use by relief crew/teams
  9. To move away from the guideline, personal lines are used to their full length (6 m). Where greater distance required, a branch line must be used
  10. Designation tallies affixed to guidelines must not be removed except on instructions of the BA Entry Officer.
  11. It is necessary for Firefighters manning branches to remain attached to guidelines by personal lines
  12. Outgoing teams should always have precedence on the guidelines over in going teams