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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the most characteristic property of saponins is their ability to cause hemolysis. When added to a suspension of blood, saponins produce a changes in erythrocyte membranes bause Hgb to diffuse into the surrounding medium |
hemolysis test |
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The positive results of hemolysis test is clear zone of hemolysis or ____ |
hemolytic halos |
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they are phenolic compounds that precipitate proteins |
tannins |
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Tannins are composed of a very diverse group of ____ and ____ |
oligomers polymers |
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it can react and precipitate proteins forming stable water insoluble copolymers |
tannins |
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The term ____ was first applied to plant constituents capable of ____ raw animal tissue skin into ____ because of their ability to cross link with ____ |
tannins transforming leather proteins |
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tannins are used as |
astringent |
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heterogenous polymers containing phenolic compounds united to glucose units by ester linkages |
hydrolyssable tannins |
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polymers of phenolic compounds related to flavonoid pigments, frequent contituent of woody plants |
condensed tannins |
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gallic acid is derived from ____ |
quinic acid |
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____ are formed from hexahydroxydiphenic acid esters by the oxidative coupling of neighboring gallic acid units attached to a ____ core |
ellagotannins D glucose |
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3 screening methods for tannins |
1. gelatin test 2. ferric chloride test 3. spot test |
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the positive result of gelatin test is the ____ |
formation of a jelly precipitate |
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The positive result of Ferric chloride test is ____ indicates hydrolyssable tannins and ____ indicates condensed tanins |
blue black brownish green |
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Red or red brown stain on the yelloe reagent paper |
spot test |
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it is an aromatic ring bearing 2 or more hydroxyl groups |
polyphenols |
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they are water soluble, since they most frequently occur combined with sugar glycosides |
polyphenols |
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they give no precipitate with the gelatin test |
polyphenols |
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Polyphenols are used as ____ in tanning agents in the leather industry, because of their similarity with ____ |
additives tannins |
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2 screening method for polyphenol |
1. ferric chloride test 2. dry distillation |
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the positive result of ____ is colored products is same with tannins |
ferric chloride test |
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In dry distillation, ____ spot appears in the fisk which gradually fades on standing. Color is restore by a renewed exposute to ____ |
brown violet ammonia vapors |
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compounds that contain a fully unsaturated 6 carbon ring linked to am oxygen |
plant phenolics |
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There are ____ phenolic structures known |
8 000 |
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Alkaloids which means ____, are basic ____ compounds of biological origin, they are ____ |
alkali like nitrogenous physiologically active |
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They occur in form of salts with organic acids, or in combination with specific acids |
alkaloids |
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Opium alkaloids occurs with ____ |
meconic acid |
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it is an infallible test to detect the presence of alkaloids in fresh leaves or fruits |
taste test |
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A flase positive result in taste test may be obtained upon the addition of heavy metal reagents like ____. This is due to the presence of ____ in the plant extract that may react with the reagent. Such effect may be eliminated by first treating the extract with ____ before addition |
Mayer's proteins sodium chloride |
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Alkaloids generally include alkaline substances that have ____ as part if a ring structure. More than ____ alkaloids are known and are the largest class of secondary compound |
nitrogen 6 500 |
