Botany Lab

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Back 1

Cadena de amor

(collenchyma tissues)

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Back 2

Stone cells

(sclereids)

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Back 3

Helianthus stem

(reticulated vessels, annular vessels, spiral vessels, pitted vessels)

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Alium cepa root

(meristematic tissue)

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Back 5

Tilia leaf

(upper and lower epidermis)

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Back 6

Vicia faba

(parenchyma tissues)

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Back 7

Tangential section of wood

(tracheids, vascular ray)

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Cork

(cork cells)

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In 1858, a scientist named ____ reasoned that existing cells had to arise from other preexisting cells.

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Virchow

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In plants, only certain types of cells called ____ cells are normally capable of dividing to form new cells. These cells are usually restricted to certain locations within the plant such as the tips of ____ and ____

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meristematic

roots

shoots

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The nucleus of the existing cells divides to form 2 nuclei is called ____

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mitosis

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A cell plate forms that separates the two nuclei forming 2 new cells from the pre existing cells is termed as ____

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cytokinesis

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Interphase

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Prophase

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Metaphase

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Anaphase

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Telophase

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Cytokinesis

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Cellular reproduction

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Lignified cell walls usually will be stained ____, whereas cell walls composed mainly of ____ will be stained with some shade of blue or green

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red

cellulose

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These are found at the tip of roots and shoots which produce new cells to increase the length of the root or shoot

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Apical meristems

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These cells are a single superficial layer of cells covering all other primary tissues which are derived from the apical meristems

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Epidermal cells

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These cells protect the underlying tissues

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Epidermal cells

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Cells tend to have large vacuoles and may contain various secretions

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Parenchyma cells

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2 Clsssification of parenchyma cells

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Aerenchyma cells-have extensive connected air space

Chlorenchyma cells-contain chloroplasts

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These are green pigments

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chloroplasts

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Elongated cells that provide excellent support and strengthening functions being located just beneath the epidermis and thickened at the corners

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Collenchyma cells

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Cells that support and protect due to the shape, thickness and toughness of their cell walls on which are deposited with lignin

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Sclerenchyma cells

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2 Classifications of Sclerenchyma cells

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Sclereids-isodiametric cells

Fibers-elongated cells with pointed ends

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These are made up of vessel elements which are long tubes that are open at each end. Their walls are thickened forming a secondary wall that is deposited in different patterns

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Vessels

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5 types of vessels

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1. Reticulate vessels

2. Annular vessels

3. Spiral vessels

4. Pitted vessels

5. Sclariform vessels

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vessels wherein the lignin forms a network on the walls

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reticulate vessels

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in this type of vessel, the lignin deposits appear as separate rings

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annular vessels

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in this type of vessel, the lignin is laid down as spiral bands

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spiral vessels

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in pitted vessels, the walls are ____

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pitted

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vessels that have the thickenings in the form of transverse, interconnecting bars

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Sclariform vessels

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these are tubes that are tapered at each end, with pits that allow passage of water between cells

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tracheids

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these are important for lateral short-distance conduction

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Rays

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These are flattened, thin-walled cells with little or no intercellular spaces

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Cork cells

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These cells make up the periderm that constitutes the outer bark of a woody stem

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Cork cells

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3 types of meristematic tissue

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1. Apical - for plant length

2. Lateral - for secondary growth and diameter

3. Intercalary - found at the basal portiom

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3 vegetative organs

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the root, the stem and the leaves

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flowering plants is also known as

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angiosperms

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2 broad classes of angiosperms

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dicot and monocot

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corn seeds and bean seeds should be about ___ inches tall

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7

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example of a dicot plant

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balatong

SN: Glycine max

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4 Different root systems

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1. Fibrous

2. Taproot

3. Fleshy root

4. Fascicled root

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Dicot seed

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monocot seed

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dicot root cross section

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dicot root

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monocot root

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dicot root

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2 Classification of stems

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woody

herbaceous

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dicot c.s.

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function of stems

(CSPFP)

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1. Conduction of materials

2. Support for aerial plants

3. Production of leaves, branches, and new shoots

4. Food storage

5. Photosynthesis

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a stem that is long coiling structures that function for attachment and support of a climbing plant

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Tendrils

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stems with long internodes that move in circles through the air seeking support

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Searcher roots

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horizontally oriented stems that grow along the soil surface and function for vegetative reproduction due to the formation of roots at the nodes

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Stolons

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modified stems that protect the plant from grazers

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Thorns

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flat, leaf like stems modified for photosynthesis

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Cladophylls

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Hollow or solid stem of grasses with distinct nodes ans internodes

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Culms

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stem that store large amount of water, common with plants in desert areas

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Succulent stems

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large underground stems, roundish bud with a small basal stem at its lower part and its bulk being made of thickened scales which store nutrients

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Bulb

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stubby, short, fleshy, vertically oriented stems that store nutrients

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corms

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underground stems that grow near the soil surface and have short internodes bearing scales

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Rhizomes

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swollen regions of stems that store food; they bear buds called "eyes"

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tubers