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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary plant body? |
Derived from shoot and root apical meristems. Herbaceous part of plant. |
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What is the secondary plant body? |
Derived from meristems other than apical meristems. Woody Parts of plant |
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What are the three basic tissue types? |
Parenchyma collenchyma sclerenchyma |
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Parenchyma characteristics |
Thin primary cell walls, most abundant tissue type, cheap to produce |
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Functions of parenchyma |
They have Chlorenchyma to do photosynthesis and they transfer cells |
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Characteristics of collenchyma |
Thick in cell wall Corners, thin everywhere else, plasticity (can be deformed and retain new shape) |
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Functions of collenchyma |
Growth |
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Characteristics of sclerenchyma |
Start as parenchyma, secondary cell wall has lignin, can't stretch and grow with plant. Very strong and thick cells. |
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Functions of sclerenchyma |
Support |
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What are nodes? |
Where leaves are attached? |
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What are internodes? |
Regions between nodes |
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What is the Leaf axil |
Stem just above leaf. |
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What is the Axillary bud |
Miniature shoot on axil will become new stem or flower. |
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What is a Terminal bud |
Bud at tip of the stem |
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What are Bud scales? |
Modified leaves protecting the tissue of the bud |
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What is Phyllotaxy |
Arrangement of leaves on the stem |
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What is alternative arrangement? |
1 Leaf per node |
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What is opposite arrangement? |
Two leaves per node |
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What is decussate? |
Leaves located in four Rows |
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What is whorled |
Three or more leaves per node. |
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What is spiral? |
Leaves not aligned with their nearest Neighbors |
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What is distichous |
Leaves located in two rows only. |
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What are stolon stems |
Above ground, horizontal |
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What are rhizomes stems? |
Below ground fleshy, horizontal |
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What are bulbs stems? |
Short shoots thick fleshy leaves |
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What are corms stems |
Short shoots thin papery leaves |
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What are tubers stems? |
Horizontal, mainly for storage |
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Four layers of primary tissue |
Epidermis, cortex, vascular tissue, pith |
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Single outer layer of cells |
Epidermis |
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Band of tissue between epidermis and vascular tissue |
Cortex |
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Tissue conducting water and nutrients |
Vascular tissue |
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Inner layer of tissue similar to Cortex |
Pith |
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What is the stomata? |
Pores in the epidermis that open and close. Formed by a pair of guard cells with a stomatal pore between them. |
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What are guard cells? |
Pair of cells around stomata. change size when full of water |
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What are trichomes and what do they do? |
Elongated epidermal hairs that perform defense and create a layer of humid air around the plant. |
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What cells are xylem made out of? |
Tracheids and vessel elements |
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Types of secondary cell wall patterns in xylem |
Annular, helical, scalariform,reticulate, circular border pits |
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What patterns of secondary cell wall in xylem are the strongest? |
Bordered pits |
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What are pit pairs? |
They act as channels for the transport of water and minerals between adjacent cells. |
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What are perferations? |
Areas with no cell wall |
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What is phloem? |
Vascular tissue in plant that conduct sugar and other metabolic products downward on the leaves. |
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What are phloem made of? |
Sieve elements |
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What are albuminous cells |
Parenchyma cells adjacent to sieve cells in gymnosperm wood |
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What are companion cells? |
Cells that regulate the activity of sieve elements in phloem. |
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What are apical meristem? |
Stems that grow longer at their tips. Divide by mitosis |
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What are subapical meristems? |
Region below apical meristem, cells elongate and differentiate. |
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What is ground meristem? |
Type of plant tissue that is associated with growth |
