Botany Exam 1 Fungi

Front 1

term for study of fungi

Back 1

mycology

Front 2

what are the 4 phyla of fungi?

Back 2

ascomycota, basidiomycota, chytritiomycota, zygomycota

Front 3

what sets chytridiomycota apart from the 3 other phyla?

Back 3

has flagellated spores

Front 4

what separates zygomycota from the other phyla?

Back 4

it produces zygotes

Front 5

what separates ascomycota apart from the other phyla?

Back 5

the ascus

Front 6

what separates ascomycota apart from the other phyla?

Back 6

ascus-saclike reproductive structure

Front 7

what separates basidiomycota from the other phyla?

Back 7

club-like reproductive structure called basidium

Front 8

this is a club like reproductive structure only found in basidiomycota

Back 8

basidium

Front 9

what is an example phyla for chytridiomycota?

Back 9

allomyces or rhizophydium

Front 10

how are fungi classified?

Back 10

by life cycles and modes of reproduction

Front 11

in what habitats do fungi exist?

Back 11

marine, terrestrial, and freshwater

Front 12

do fungi possess any organs or organ systems?

Back 12

don't have tissues

Front 13

how do fungi obtain food?

Back 13

mycelium grow into food source digestion begins immediately

Front 14

what is a saphrotroph?

Back 14

a heterotrophic organism that gets nutrients from non living matter

Front 15

what is the life cycle of a fungus that reproduces asexually?

Back 15

1)spore producing structure 2)spores 3)germination 4) mycelium

Front 16

what's the life cycle for a fungus that reproduces sexually?

Back 16

1)haploid mycelium of different mating types 2) plasmogamy-fusion of cytoplasm 3) heterokaryotic stage 4) karyogamy-fusion of nuclei 5)zygote 6) meiosis 7) spore producing structures 8) spores 9) germination

Front 17

what are the reproductive characteristics the asexual reproduction of zygomycota?

Back 17

asexual reproduction is more common. hyphae produce sporangiaphores. sporangiophores produce sporangia. sporangia are shed into the wind above food substrate

Front 18

what are the characteristics of sexual reproduction in zygomycota?

Back 18

haploid nuclei join forming diploid zygote nucleus. zygosporangium develops where fusion took place.

what develops inside the zygosporangium?

Hint 18

zygospore

Front 19

what are the characteristics of asexual reproduction in ascomycota?

Back 19

modified hyphae that form conidiophores at tips

what do conidiophores produce?

Hint 19

conidia

Front 20

what separates conidia from hyphae?

Back 20

septa

Front 21

what are the characteristics of sexual reproduciton in ascomycota?

Back 21

haploid nucleus develops in ascus

Front 22

what are the characteristics of reproduction in basidiomycota?

Back 22

karyogammy occurs in basidium yeilding only diploid cell of the life cycle.

what immediately follows karyogammy?

Hint 22

meiosis

Front 23

what are the characteristics of reproduction in basidiomycota?

Back 23

karyogammy occurs in basidium yeilding only diploid cell of the life cycle.

what immediately follows karyogammy?

Hint 23

meiosis

Front 24

in basidiomycota what are the four products of meiosis turned into?

Back 24

basidiospores

where do basidiospores form?

Hint 24

ends of basidia on sterigmata

Front 25

what are the sexual reproductive characteristics of deuteromycota?

Back 25

sexual reproduction hasn't been observed in the irregular fungi

what about asexual characteristics?

Hint 25

spores are produced

Front 26

what spore is unique to zygomycota?

Back 26

zygospore

Front 27

what spore is unique to ascomycota?

Back 27

ascospore

Front 28

what spore is unique to basidiomycota?

Back 28

basidiospore

Front 29

what spore is unique to deuteromycota?

Back 29

conidiaspores

Front 30

why are some fungi characterized as imperfect(deuteromycota)?

Back 30

they don't reproduce sexually. have no spores or produce spores only asexually

Front 31

describe the structure of lichens

Back 31

most of visible body is fungus. between filaments of fungus are cyanobacteria, green algae or both.

what part of the fungus holds on to the algae or cyanobacteria? what part of algae does it hold on to or penetrate?

Hint 31

hyphae.cell walls, but not plasma membrane.

Front 32

what benefits does the fungi receive in the lichen symbiosis?

Back 32

direct transfer of nutrients from algae inside them

Front 33

what are the 3 types of lichens that exist?

Back 33

1)crustose 2)foliose 3) fruticose

Front 34

these lichens appear flattened and grow close to substrate

Back 34

crustose

Front 35

these lichens appear leaflike with lobes knotted tightly against substrate

Back 35

foliose

Front 36

these lichens grow erect from substrate and have many branches

Back 36

fruticose

Front 37

these are mutualistic symbiotic relationships between 90% of all plant families roots and certain kinds of fungi

Back 37

mycorrihizae

Front 38

what portion of plant families have mycorrihizae?

Back 38

90%

Front 39

what ecological term refers to the relationship between plants roots and fungi- mycorrihizae

Back 39

mutualism

Front 40

list 3 differences between fungi and plants

Back 40

fungi are: heterotrohic, cell walls composed of chitin, no vascular tissue

Front 41

what term is used for asexual spores produced by fungi?

Back 41

conidiaspores

Front 42

how are fungi beneficial commercially?

Back 42

6161 tons of edible mushrooms are produced annually worldwide

Front 43

what are some common animal diseases caused by fungi?

Back 43

ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis(thrush), mold allergies, yeast infection

Front 44

what are common plant diseases caused by fungi?

Back 44

corn smut, dutch elm disease, ergot of rye, potato blight

Front 45

this is a spore characteristic to zygomycota. it's has a thick coat to protect from harsh elements. and can contain one or more nuclei

Back 45

zygospore

Front 46

how many diploid nuclei can a zygospore contain?

Back 46

one or more

Front 47

this is the fruiting body of ascomycota that produces spores for dispersal

Back 47

ascocarp

Front 48

this is the sexual spore bearing cell of ascomycota fungi

Back 48

ascus

Front 49

this is the sexual reproductive structure of basidiomycota

Back 49

basidiocap

Front 50

these are continuous or branching tubes filled with cytoplasm and multiple nuclei others are long chains of cells joined end to end and divided by septa

Back 50

hyphae

Front 51

this is a hyphae with only one nucleus

Back 51

monokaryotic

Front 52

hyphae with two nuclei

Back 52

dikaryotic

Front 53

a mass of connected hyphae. can be many meters long

Back 53

mycelium

Front 54

how large can mycelium be?

Back 54

many meters long

Front 55

these are the cells of sexual reproduction

Back 55

fruiting bodies