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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of Bones (6) |
Support Protection Movement Mineral Storage Blood Cell Formation Fat Storage SPMMBF |
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2 major division skeletal system for protection and movement |
Axial- skull, vertebral column, rib cage Appendicullar- upper and lower limbs , shoulder, hip |
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Classification of Bone Shapes (4) |
Long Bones -larger than they are wide Short Bones - cube bones within tendons Flat Bones - thin, flat, and curve Irregular Bones - complicated shape (puzzle piece) |
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Bone Markings (19) |
site of attachments site that help to form joints passageways for blood vessels and nerves |
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Meatus |
Canal like passageway |
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Fossa |
Shallow basin (valley) like depression on articular surface |
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Condyle |
a rounded projection that makes smooth movement of joint |
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Epcondyle |
attachment on top of condyle |
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Ramus |
armlike bar of bone |
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Groove |
narrow indentation, furrow |
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Process |
projects a sharp bump on a bone where muscle attaches |
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Fissure |
narrow slit-like opening, nerves and blood vessels comes through mostly in the skull |
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Sinus (4) |
cavity within a bone lines with mucous membrane between the skull -maxillary -ethmoid -frontal -sphenoid |
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Tubercle |
small round projection on top of long bones |
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Foramen |
round/oval hole |
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Head |
narrow neck of the bone |
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Tuberosity |
rough and rough projection |
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Trochanter |
end of femur large surface |
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Lines |
narrow ridge of bone along the crest |
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Facet |
nearly flat surface (spine disk) |
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Spine |
sharp line along a projection |
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Notch |
indentation at the end of bone (coast line) |
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Crest |
narrow ridge of bone |
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Skeletal cartilages (3) |
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage |
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Hyaline |
Function: Support, Flexibility, recover quickly (most abundant ) Location: Articular, Costal, Respiratory, Nasal |
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Elastic |
contains elastic fibers Location: external ears and epiglottis |
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Fibrocartilage |
highly compressed with tensile strength with COLLAGEN Fibers Location: knee and vertebral discs |
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BONE |
the only solid matrix TISSUE found in the body normal bone growth takes about 20 years until old age |
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Bone Anatomy |
Compact Bone- outer layer of bone tissue Spongy Bone- internal layer of skeletal bone (cancellous bone) |
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Diaphysis |
is a tubular shaft with compact bone surrounds the medullary cavity which contains the yellow bone marrow (fat) |
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Epiphyses |
ends of bones surrounded by compact bone, contains spongy bone with red bone marrow and its surface is cover with hyaline cartilage. |
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Bone membranes |
Periosteum (outer) -outer fibrous :dense regular CT -inner osteogenic: osteoblasts and osteoclasts Endosteum (inner) |
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Location of Bone Marrow |
Infants-medullary cavity and spongy bone Adults- flat bones, head of femur and humerus |
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Haversian System (Osteon) |
Osteocytes- mature bone cells Osteon system- structural unit of compact bone Harvesian Canal- central canal containing blood vessels and nerves Lacunae- small cavities in bone that contain the osteocytes Matrix- Ca+, salt, Collagen |
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Chemical Composition of Bone |
mineral salts (Ca+ and Salt) and COLLAGEN makes up 65% of bone. The mineral salts hardens the bones |
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Acid (bone) Heat/ Cook (bone) |
wears away the mineral salts, the bone becomes flexible and soft wears away the collagen taking away its elasticity, the bones becomes brittle |
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Bone tissue formation |
bones begin at 8 weeks of embryo Intermembranous Endochondral |
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Intermembranous Endochondral |
-bone develops from fibrous membrane forming mostly flat bones -bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage by breaking the cartilage down |
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Importance of Calcium (5) |
transmission of nerve impulses muscle contraction blood regulation secretion of glands and nerve cells cell division |
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Wolff's Law |
bone grows and remodels i responses tot the forces or demands placed upon it |
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Osteomalacia |
softened weak bones |
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Rickets |
bones of children are weak and softened because of no calcium |
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Osteoporosis |
bone reabsorption occur more than bone deposit |
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Paget's Disease |
excessive bone formation and breakdown Osteoblast- increase bone Osteoclasts- decrease bone |
