Boards Cardio

Front 1

What conditions can cause RBBB

Back 1

– COPD
– valvular disease
– surgical repair of VSD
– think PE if combined w/ JVD

Front 2

1st degree vs. 2nd degree AV block

Back 2

– CCBs, B-blockers, vagal tone
– CCBs, B-blockers, dig, vagal tone

Front 3

MAT

Back 3

– from COPD and hypoxemia
– more than 3 p waves
– treat w/ verapamil or B-blockers

Front 4

AVNRT

Back 4

– A and V depolarize at the same time
– P is in QRS
– treat w/ carotid massage, valsava, adenosine
– cardioversion if needed

Front 5

AVRT

Back 5

– reciprocating tachy
– WPW can lead to this and its bad
– goes down AV node back to atrium via bypass
– may see retrograde p after normal QRS
– treat w/ carotid massage, valsava, adenosine
– cardioversion if needed

Front 6

Paroxsymal atrial tachy dx

Back 6

– adenosine turns off ventricular response to look at underlying atrial activity

Front 7

PE EKG

Back 7

– S1Q3T3 (v1 and III)

Front 8

LVH and RVH criteria

Back 8

– avL + V3 > 24 or 20 – V1 > 7

Front 9

What 2 drugs do you give for Stage B CHF?

Back 9

– ACEIs and B-blockers

Front 10

RIL of ACEI side effects

Back 10

– Rash
– indomethacin inhibition
– liver tox

Front 11

At what EF should you start warfarin?

Back 11

– 25%

Front 12

Statin effect and SE’s

Back 12

– decrease LDL and TGs
– potentiate warfarin

Front 13

Fibrates mechanism, effect and SE’s

Back 13

– Increases LL which increases VLDL and TG metabolism
– decrease TGs and increase HDL
– GI upset, gallstones, myositis, LFTs

Front 14

Zetia (ezetimibe) mechanism, effect and SE’s

Back 14

– inhibits cholesterol absorption
– decrease LDL
– angioedema

Front 15

Niacin mechanism, effect and SE’s

Back 15

– decreased fatty acid release
– decrease LDL and increase HDL
– paresthesias, pruritis, GI upset, LFTs

Front 16

Blie Acid resins effect and SE’s

Back 16

– decrease LDL
– Constipation, GI upset, LFTs, decrease absorption from other drugs

Front 17

Unstable angina Tx

Back 17

– g-2b3a inhibitors
– also heparin, angiography, and revascularization

Front 18

Sequence of MI EKG changes

Back 18

– peaked T
– STE
– Q waves
– T inversion
– ST normal
– T normal

Front 19

Osmotic Diuretic SE

Back 19

– Pulmonary edema
– cant give w/ anuria or CHF

Front 20

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor SE

Back 20

– Hyperchloriemic acidosis
– neuropathy
– Ammonia Tx
– sulfa allergy

Front 21

Thaiazide SE’s

Back 21

– alkalosis
– hyponatremia

Front 22

Dihydropyridines SE’s

Back 22

– HA and flushing
– peripheral edema

Front 23

HTN tx for people w/ isolated systolic HTN

Back 23

– Diuretcs and long acting Dihydropyridines
– this is common in elderly men from decreased complicance
– HCTZ is the answer for this

Front 24

PR interval in pericarditis

Back 24

– PR depression in precordial leads

Front 25

Beck’s Triad

Back 25

– hypotension
– distant heart sounds
– distended neck veins
– this is w/ cardiac tamponade where you would also see electrical alterans

Front 26

Conn syndrome acid base

Back 26

– metabolic alkalosis (loose K so loose H too)

Front 27

Renal artery Stensis tx

Back 27

– angiography and stenting or surgery
– only give ACEI’s if unilateral disease b/c the preferentially dilate the efferent arteriole

Front 28

AR murmurs

Back 28

– high pitched blowing diastolic at 3rd L intercostals
– Austin Flint is low pitched mid diastolic
– midsystolic at the base

Front 29

AR exam and Tx

Back 29

– Wide pulse pressure and lateral PMI w/ R and L heart failure
– valve replacement and afterload reducers

Front 30

Mitral stenosis treatment

Back 30

– B blockers and diuretics
– tx any Afib

Front 31

Mitral regurg treatment

Back 31

– ACE’s, vasodilators, diuretics, dig and anticoagulation

Front 32

Where are foot ulcerations w/ PVD?

Back 32

– dorsal

Front 33

PVD treatment

Back 33

– Exercise, ASA, cilostazol, thromboxaine inhibitors
– if acute emboic, do an embolectomy and an Echo

Front 34

Tx for newly diagnosed mitral stenosis in adolescents

Back 34

– monthly IM penicillin

Front 35

Why does HOCM lead to MR?

Back 35

– the systolic anterior motion of the mitral leaflet

Front 36

Aortic stenosis exam

Back 36

– PMI is displaced and lateral
– can look like an MI

Front 37

What do you give for V-tach w/ normal BP?

Back 37

– Amiodarone (lidocaine is 2nd choice)

Front 38

Variant angina treatment

Back 38

– CCB’s or nitrates
– B-blockers and ASA can lead to vasospasm
– also avoid B-blockers in PVD and do CCB’s

Front 39

How do you treat a CHF exacerbation due to Afib?

Back 39

– Digoxin

Front 40

Dig tox (and non-tox!) on EKG

Back 40

– Atrial tachycardia w/ AV block
– Therapeutic levels can show ST depression, T wave inversion, and 1o AV block

Front 41

Brady arrhythmia vs. tachyarrhythmia on EKG

Back 41

– BBB and long QT, respectively

Front 42

Cocaine MI tx

Back 42

– benzos, nitrates, ASA
– dilt or pure alpha blocker ok too

Front 43

Lone A-fib treatment

Back 43

– just ASA is OK

Front 44

Nitroglycerin mechanism

Back 44

– dilated veins (capacitance vessels) to decrease preload

Front 45

When do you do a dobutamine stress test?

Back 45

– LBBB, WPW, idioventricular rhythm, STD > 1 mm

Front 46

Leriche syndrome

Back 46

– aortoiliac occlusion
– it leads to impotence

Front 47

What normally causes Toursades?

Back 47

– quinidine

Front 48

Symptoms of Dig use

Back 48

– N and V
– diarrhea
– vision change
– arrhythmia

Front 49

How do you treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

Back 49

– nitroglycerin to control symptoms

Front 50

Endocarditis prophylaxis

Back 50

– Amox or Clinda for dental and resp
– Amp (or Vanc!) and Gent for GI, GU