Boards Boot Camp Comprehensive Flashcards: Segment 9

Front 1

Organic cause for aganglionic megacolon

Back 1

congenital lack of myenteric plexus and dilation of proximal bowl
d/t loss of function of ret oncogene

Front 2

What are the two likely areas where the bowl may become ischemic?

Back 2

splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction
these are watershed areas that are between the superior and inferior mesenteric supply zones

Front 3

Random guy comes in with no history because he was treated with crainal OMT and became amnetic. He has epic diarrhea and endoscopic finding shows a gray, necrotic pseudomembrane. dx? tx?

Back 3

pseudomembranous colitis
tx with metronidazole or oral vanc

Front 4

Benign hamartoma of the colon, pigmented lips, mouth, hands, and frank & beans. Increased cancer risk of stomach, breast, and ovaries.

Back 4

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Front 5

pt presents with intense pain upon hip flexion and external rotation. He has diffuse abdominal pain, positive rebound tenderness, and urine is positive for WBC, RBC. dx?

Back 5

acute appendicitis
usually d/t fecalith
+psoas sign
+obturator sign

Front 6

MC tumor of appendix?

Back 6

carcinoid

Front 7

In hepatocellular degeneration there is an accumulation of what in the brain, kidney, liver, and cornea leading to what sxs?

Back 7

This is Wilson's disease
marked by decreased ceruloplasmin (Cu+ serum carrier)
brain - psychosis, incoordination
kidney - Cu+ in urine
cornea - Kayser Fleischer rings (orange rings)
liver - cirrhosis

Front 8

pt presents with cancer like sxs. Serum positive for elevated alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT. Alpha feto protein is a tumor marker

Back 8

liver cancer

Front 9

PIMP QUESTION: why do patients that present with pancreatitis have hypocalcemia?

Back 9

Ca++ binds to the fats being "digested" by the pancreas

Front 10

8 y/o pt presents with vomiting, RUQ pain with mass, and concurrent adenovirus infection. What is this pt at high risk for?

Back 10

Intussusception

Front 11

What is the clinical picture of midgut volvulus?

Back 11

neonate under 1 month
vomiting, bloody diarrhea, abdominal distention
duodenum and colon malrotate

Front 12

Clinical picture of necrotizing enterocolitis and risk factors?

Back 12

neonate
vomiting, blood in stool (not diarrhea), lethargy, and fluctuating temp
maternal NSAID use, premie, comorbid disease

Front 13

Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes are found where and are associated with what condition?

Back 13

osteophytes at interphalangeal joints
osteoarthritis

Front 14

The following are associated with what:
increased ESR
increased CRP
HLA-DR4, Dw4, or Dw14 positive

Back 14

RA

Front 15

sclerosis of vertebral end-plate, X-ray shows "rugger jersey" vertebrae, brittle bones with increased density and abnormal skeletal remolding

Back 15

OsteoPETrosis - aka marble bones/Albers-Schronberg
Rugger jersey spine - horizontal sclerotic bands adjacent to the endplates
also associated with renal osteodystrophy - changes in bone d/t renal failure

Front 16

alpha 1 - smooth mm dilator, sphincter constrict
b1 - increases HR, lipolysis, secretes renin
b2- vasodilate, bronchodilate, insulin, decrease uterine
alpha 2 - vasoconstriction

Back 16

SANDERS

Front 17

necrosis of femoral head in children in the absence of trauma?

Back 17

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Front 18

Serum and X-ray findings in osteomalacia (bone pain + fractures)

Back 18

diffuse radiolucency with "looser zones" - radiolucent bands that run perpendicular to the periosteal surface d/t pseudo fractures
Low Ca++, phosphate (renal fcn intact), high alkaline phosphatase

Front 19

ADR of long term use of phenytoin and phenobartital

Back 19

inhibit livers conversion of vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
osteomalcia

Front 20

Complication of hyperparathyroidism, results in microfractures and secondary hemorrhages that cause an ingrowth of firbous tissue + hemosiderin deposition (brown tumors)

Back 20

Von Recklinghausen disease of the bone
HyperPTH possibly 2nd to CRF

Front 21

deaf patient presents with bone pain, frontal bossing, X-ray shows "chalk-stick" fractures of lower extremities and enlarged thickened bones with thick cortex, extremely high alkaline phosphatase. pt hx positive for severe viral infection

Back 21

Paget's disease
"chalkstick" fractures - transverse to the long axis of the bone, like a broken stick of chalk

Front 22

Benign tumor of cartilage producing cells, peaks in 1st and 2nd decade, occurs in epiphyses of femur, tibia, and humerus

Back 22

chondroblastoma

Front 23

Of the following, which present with pain:
osteoma
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma

Back 23

osteoma - painless (skull +face)
osteoid osteoma - painful (limbs of teens)
osteoblastoma - mild, achy, dull pain

Front 24

Highest incidence in whitey , tumor in the medullary cavity of bone that invades the cortex & periosteum. Presents in the long bones and pelvis, which is tender and painful. may present with fever, anemia, and leukocytosis.

Back 24

Ewing's sarcoma

Front 25

Homer-Wright rosette cells (small, round and blue) are seen in what tumors?

Back 25

rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma
lymphoma
Wilms' tumor

Front 26

The following tumors are derived from what:
astrocytoma
medulloblastoma
oligodendroglimoas
ependymoma

Back 26

Neural tube derived
(gliomas)

Front 27

Low grade astrocytoma
anaplastic astrocytoma
glioblastoma multiform
Are all subtypes of which tumor?

Back 27

Fibrillary astrocytoma

Front 28

Brain tumor of the cerebellum in kids and young adults, cystic tumor cells with hair-like processes, slow growing and tends not to infiltrate

Back 28

Pilocystic astrocytoma

Front 29

Very common cerebellar tumor in the midline of children, may block CSF flow-->hydrocephalus, very cellular, malignant, and radiosensitive

Back 29

Medulloblastoma

Front 30

The following brain tumors are derived from what:
meningioma
schwannoma
neurofibroma

Back 30

Neural crest

Front 31

The following brain tumors are derived from what?
crainopharyngioma
pituitary adenoma

Back 31

ectoderm

Front 32

The following brain tumors are derived from what:
lymphoma
lipoma
hemangioblastoma

Back 32

Mesoderm ("means o' derm)

Front 33

What is the function of ApoE and what disease, if present, increases the age of onset?

Back 33

ApoE binds amyloid beta plaques
Alzheimer's (FYI a marked decrease in neurons the nucleus basalis of Meynart)

Front 34

NDD (neuro-degenerative disease), 1st sx usually loss of smell, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions of alpha-synuclein; found in SN and nucleus basalis of Meynert

Back 34

Parkinson's

Front 35

Dementia d/t eosinophilic inclusion bodies composed of tau protein in large ballooned cells found in the frontal-temproal areas

Back 35

Picks disease

Front 36

NDD that manifests with asymmetric weakness of the hands, followed by symmetrical muscle atrophy, hyper/hyporeflexia, no loss of eye movement or incontinence. 1/5 are d/t as genetic defect in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1). 90% sporatic

Back 36

ALS

Front 37

NDD d/t atrophy of the caduate nucleus, putamen, and frontal cortex. Trinucleotide repeat of gene on chro. 4, affects cholinergic and GABA-ergic neurons primarily meduim spiny striatal neurons (motor output to basal ganglia)

Back 37

Huntington's

Front 38

NDD characterized by degeneration of the posterior columns, corticospinal tract, spinocerebellar tract, cerebellum, brainstem, CN 8,10, and 12, sensory nerves and DRG. All d/t a GAA repeat leading to a deficiency of frataxin. Manifests ~5-15 years

Back 38

Fredreich's Ataxia

Front 39

NDD d/t longstanding hypertension, characterized by multiple lacunar infacts and progressive demylination of subcortex. Marked by progressive confusion and multiple mood disorder

Back 39

Binswager's disease

Front 40

NDD of the brainstem and cranial nerves resulting in diarrhea, respiratory difficulties, and dysphagia.

Back 40

Progressive bulbar palsy

Front 41

NDD of infants by death usually at age 3. Characterized by destruction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. Artrophic muscles develop from denervation.

Back 41

Werdnig-Hoffman syndrome

Front 42

Disease that has deposits in the Descemet's membrane, the basement membrane that lies between the corneal proper substance, also called stroma, and the endothelial layer of the cornea.

Back 42

Wilson's-disease
Kayser-fleischer rings

Front 43

Standard treatment combination of Hodgkin's lymphoma/disease (cancer originating from WBC/lymphocytes that spreads from lymph node group to the next and can cause systemic sxs late in disease. + Reed-Sternberg cell:
A
B
V
D

Back 43

adriamycin
bleomycin
vinblastine
dacarbazine

Front 44

DOC for bladder and testicular cancer and BIG ADR

Back 44

cisplatin
strong emetic-inducing effect 2nd to 5-HT receptor effects

Front 45

Primary indication is ALL and its ADR are...

Back 45

L-asparaginase
hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction, decreased clotting factors, liver problems, pancreatitis, seizures and coma. Maaaaybe you were better off before you began treatment with L-asparaginase???

Front 46

DOC combination for ALL

Back 46

predinsone
vincristine

Front 47

All NSAIDs (non-selective COX-2) can increase the risk of what around the time of conception?

Back 47

miscarriage