Boards Boot Camp Comprehensive Flashcards: Segment 11

Front 1

Inflammatory liver disorder that histologically shows nuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by a halo

Back 1

HSV-1
Owl's eyes

Front 2

Inflammatory liver disorder characterized by mid-zone hepatic necrosis. Dying hepatocytes condense into pink (eosinophilic) bodies

Back 2

Yellow-fever
Councilman bodies

Front 3

Schistomiasis

Back 3

inflammation of spleen and liver

Front 4

Increased PT and aPTT, ascities, Dupuytren's contractures, spider angioma, and peripheral edema are all sx of what?

Back 4

alcoholic liver disease

Front 5

common organisms that cause spontaneous bacteria peritonitis

Back 5

E. coli, klebsiella, enterococcus, strep pneumo

Front 6

Alcoholic encephalopathy is most likely d/t what and what is a common sx?

Back 6

increased ammonia levels
asterixis - flapping tremor of the wrist on flexion

Front 7

Time line from last drink based on the following alcoholic withdrawal sxs:
-headache, tired, pissed off
-seizures, resting tremor,
-autonomic instability, HUGE increase in BP/HR, delirium

Back 7

12
24-48
72

Front 8

pt presents with acute onset abdominal pain, jaundice, and acities d/t and acquired thrombosis occluding the hepatic vein or IVC

Back 8

Budd-Chiari formation

Front 9

Liver fluke that likes to cause bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Seen in the far east

Back 9

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 10

When a cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct carcinoma) occurs at the confluence of the hepatic ducts forming the common bile ducts, this is called...

Back 10

Klatskin's tumor
horse shit prognosis
mean survival ~ 1 year, no treatment, you are fucked

Front 11

Crank that

Back 11

Solja Boy

Front 12

In words, what is 17-α-hydroxylase deficiency and how does it present?

Back 12

Only glomerulosa is intact
Mineralcorticoids are only produced
17α transfers pregnenolone and progesterone to fasciculata
MALE - ambiguous genitalia
FEMALE - no period at puberty

Front 13

What is going on in 21-α-hydroxylase deficiency and how does it present?

Back 13

Only the reticularis is intact
Sex steroids are only produced
21α is required in the glomerulosa and faciculata
MALE - early pubes (↑ DHEA)
FEMALE - ambiguous genitals (↑DHEA)
BOTH have salt wasting d/t zero aldesterone

Front 14

What is going on in 11-ß-hydroxylase deficiency and how does it present?

Back 14

Only the reticularis is fully intact
G and F only make it to 11-DEOX
Aldosterone and cortisol are not produced
MALE - early pubes (↑androgens)
FEMALE - ambiguous genitalia (↑androgens)
SALT RETENTION - hypertension, hyperkalemia (11-DEOX has MCC action)

Front 15

Metabolic bone disease marked by impaired osteoid matrix formation d/t the inability to hydroxylate lysine and proline

Back 15

Scurvy

Front 16

Infection of bone or bone marrow (pyogenic osteomyelitis) is caused by different organisms:
children 2ndary to hematogenous spread
newborns
sickle cell anemics
IV drug users

Back 16

Staph aureus (most common)
Group B strep (agalactiae) or E. coli
Samonella
Pseudomonas

Front 17

How is pyogenic osteomyelitis diagnosed and treated?

Back 17

X-Ray showing preiosteal elevation, lytic center with a ring of sclerosis
bone biopsy and prolonged abx therapy

Front 18

Variant of hystocytosis X (ID with proliferation with tennis-racket shaped intracellular cytoplasmic structures on EM) presents acutely and aggressively in infants/small children with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia and recurrent infections

Back 18

Letterer-Siwe disease

Front 19

Non-neoplastic bone disease that presents in kids prior to 5 y/o with skull lesions, diabetes insipidus, and exothalmos

Back 19

Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
Varient of Histocytosis X

Front 20

Churg-Strauss syndrome presents with eosinophilia, asthma, and renal failure. A form of vasculitis.

Back 20

KAPLAN

Front 21

DOC for eclampsia

Back 21

magnesium sulfate
diazapam, dibenzazapine, phenytoin, and valproic acid are CI in pregnancy

Front 22

Concussion grade 1-3

Back 22

1 - no loss of consciousness, confused less than 15 mins
2 - no LOC, sx more than 15 mins
3 - LOC

Front 23

I know its simple but HIV infects lymphocytes (CD4) which will be reduced

Back 23

K

Front 24

Severs disease can mimic a heel spur and is seen in young, active, adolescent boys

Back 24

KAPLAN

Front 25

Labs for Lupus, many different anti-bodies with different sensitivities and specificities:
ANA
anti-ds-DNA antibodies
Anti-Smith antibodies
Anti-Ro antibodies
Anti-ribosomal P and anti-neuronal abs
anti-phospholipid

Back 25

~100% sensitive for Lupus but not specific
~100% specific but less sensitive
HIghly specific, but not sensitive (just like above)
present in 50% of ANA-negative Lupus
indicate cerebral involvement from Lupus
Cause false positive lab results:
can cause false positive RPR/VRDL d/t anti-cardiolipin abs
Falsely elevated aPPT d/t clotting in the test tube

Front 26

Drugs that can induce Lupus and positive labs

Back 26

procainamide - cardiac depressant txs SVT
hydralazine - smooth mm relaxant txs HTN
sulfonamides - abx inhibit folate synthesis
isoniazid - abx in TB inhibits P450
cephalosporin
tx with NSAIDS, prednisone

Front 27

Male pt presents with urethritis, conjunctivitis, and reactive arthritis. He has moist plaques on his hog. tx and HLA association

Back 27

Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis)
HLA-B27+
tx erythromycin

Front 28

Heart defects in Marfan's (3)

Back 28

Defect in FIBRILLIN GENE
AORTIC valve dialation-->regurg, dissection, and mitral valve prolapse

Front 29

Heart defects in Ehler's-Danlos syndrome

Back 29

AD defect in collagen synthesis
Mitral regurg (MVP in Marfan's), murmur, aortic dilation (aortic valve in Marfan's) that can lead to rupture

Front 30

Tourist returns from South America complaining of vision changes. A week later he experiences headaches and CSF is + for hi polys and protein

Back 30

Devic's syndrome (neuromyelitis optica)

Front 31

Infant heart defects:
ASD
PDA
pulmonic valvular stenosis
tet of fallot
ventricular septal defect

Back 31

left to right shunt not usually discovered till later in life
machine like murmur heard in systole and diastole, severe sxs within a few days of birth
very loud systolic murmur, but with no pulmonary vascular markings
systolic murmur with cyanosis
left to right shunt, pulmonary circuit is overloaded, no cyanosis and failure to thrive, not heard at birth bc of the high pulmonary resistance minimizes the shunt

Front 32

diagnostic test for multiple myeloma would show what?

Back 32

serum electrophoresis shows monoclonal spikes at the beta of gamma globulin region

Front 33

Of the following types of thyroid carcinoma, which has the worst prognosis:
papillary
follicular
anaplastic
medullary

Back 33

papillary - BEST prognosis
follicular - poorer than papillary
anaplastic - WORST very progressive
medullary - no mention C cells of medulla produce calcitonin

Front 34

Female pt presents with painless nodule on thyroid gland. hx + previous radiotherapy of cervical region. FNB shows calcified spheres with finger like appearance

Back 34

papillary carcinoma
may also mention ground glass appearance of nuclei (Orphan Annie nucleus)

Front 35

Mechanism of MODY

Back 35

cells are deficient in glucokinase (glucose-->glucose-6-phosphate), glucose is not phosphorylated and returns to circulation

Front 36

Pts with MEN 1 have an increased risk of developing neoplasms where? (4)
APPP

Back 36

Adrenal cortex - adenoma (Conn's, Cushings, virilization)
Pituitary - adenoma that can occasionally produce GH
Parathryoid - Hi PTH-->hyperCa++
Pancreas - ZE-->gastrin or insulinoma

Front 37

Pts with MEN IIa have an increased risk of developing neoplasms where?
ATP

Back 37

Adrenal medulla - Phenochromocytoma
Thyroid medulla - medullary thyroid CA of C cells-->hypoCa++
Parathyroid - hyperparathyroidism

Front 38

Pts with MEN IIb are at increased risk for developing neoplasms where?
ATMM

Back 38

Same as MEN IIa +
Mucousal neuromas
Marfanoid features - tall, thin