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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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age definitions |
adults: adolescents (after puberty onset) & older children: 1yo to puberty infants: less than 1yo (excluding newborns in delivery room) |
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adolescent |
young person in process of developing from child into adult sig |
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signs of puberty |
males: chest or underarm hair females: breast development |
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signs of cardiac arrest |
- unresponsive - no breathing, abnormal breathing or only gasping - no pulse |
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components of CPR |
- chest compressions - breaths |
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High-Quality CPR |
- start compressions within 10 seconds - push hard & fast - allow complete chest recoil - minimize interruptions in compressions to less than 10 seconds - give effective breaths that make the chest rise - avoid excessive ventilation |
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push hard & fast |
compress at rate of 100-120/min w/ a depth of at least 2in (5cm) for adults |
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child compression depth |
at least 1/3 the depth of the chest, about 2 in (5cm) |
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infant chest compression depth |
at least 1/3 the depth of the chest, about 1.5 in (4cm) |
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target chest compression depth range for adults |
2 - 2.4 in (5 - 6 cm) |
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ROSC |
return of spontaneous circulation |
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after ROSC |
post cardiac arrest care in cath lab or ICU |
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Cardiac Catheterization Suite or Laboratory (cath lab) |
a group of procedure rooms where specialized equipment is used to eval the heart & blood vessels around the heart & in the lungs |
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cardiac catheterization |
- insertion of a catheter through an artery or vein into the heart to study the heart & it’s surrounding structures & function - measurements made through catheter - contrast material may be used to create images that will help identify problems - during the procedure, specialized catheters can be used to fix some cardiac problems (such as opening a blocked artery) |
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In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) Chain of Survival |
- surveillance, prevention, & treatment of prearrest conditions - immediate recognition of cardiac arrest & activation of the emergency response system - early CPR w/ an emphasis on chest compressions - rapid defibrillation - multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care |
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) Chain of Survival |
- immediate recognition of cardiac arrest & activation of the emergency response system - early CPR w/ emphasis on chest compressions - rapid defibrillation w/ AED - effective advanced life support (including rapid stabilization & transport to post-cardiac arrest care) - multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care |
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AED |
can identify lethal heart rhythms & deliver a shock to terminate the abnormal rhythm & allow the heart’s normal rhythm to resume |
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adult cardiac arrest |
- sudden - often results from a cardiac cause |
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child cardiac arrest |
- often s/t respiratory failure & shock |
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sudden cardiac arrest |
- occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm & can’t pump blood - abnormal rhythm causes heart to quiver so it can no longer pump blood to the brain, lungs, & other organs - often a “rhythm” problem - within seconds, person becomes unresponsive & is not breathing or only gasping - death occurs within minutes if no immediate lifesaving treatment |
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heart attack |
- occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked - occurs when a clot forms in a blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle - if a blocked vessel is not reopened quickly, the muscle normally nourished by that vessel begins to die - a heart attack is a “clot” problem - signs may appear immediately or last weeks or longer - typically, during a heart attack, the heart continues to pump blood - the longer the person w/ a heart attack goes w/o tx, the greater the possible heart muscle damage - occasionally, the damaged heart muscle triggers an abnormal rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac arrest |
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heart attack signs |
- severe discomfort in the chest or other areas of the upper body - SOB - cold sweats - n/v - for women: pain in jaw, arms, back, or neck; light-headedness |
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In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur? |
b. Homes |
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Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? |
c. Respiratory failure or shock |
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What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival? |
d. Rapid defibrillation |
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Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest? |
d. When an abnormal rhythm develops & the heart stops beating unexpectedly |
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30:2 CPR |
- single rescuer - 30 compressions to 2 breaths |
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main components of CPR |
- chest compressions - airway - breathing |
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victim is unresponsive, normal breathing, has pulse |
monitor until emergency responders arrive |
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victim is unresponsive, no normal breathing, has pulse |
- provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds or about 10-12 breaths a min - activate emergency response system (if not already done) after 2 minutes - continue rescue breathing - check pulse about every 2 mins - if no pulse, begin CPR - if possible opioid OD, administer naloxone if available per protocol |
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victim is unresponsive, no breathing or only gasping, no pulse |
start CPR |
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How long should you feel for a pulse before starting CPR? |
10 seconds |
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AED arrives |
- use as soon as it arrives - check rhythm: shockable rhythm? - yes, shockable: give 1 shock then resume CPR immediately for about 2 mins (until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check), continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move - no, nonshockable: resume CPR immediately for about 2 mins (until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check), continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move |
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questions to ask yourself before & while helping a victim |
- is the scene safe? - is the victim unresponsive? - are they breathing normally? - do they have a pulse? - could it be an opioid OD? - do they have a shockable rhythm? - are they moving? |
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check for responsiveness |
tap the victim's shoulder & shout "Are you OK?" |
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check for breathing |
scan the victim's chest for rise & fall for no more than 10 seconds |
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check for pulse |
- in an adult, palpate a carotid pulse - if no pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds, begin CPR |
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agonal gasps |
- not normal breathing - may be present in the first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest - usually looks like they are drawing air in very quickly - mouth may be open & jaw, head, or neck may move w/ gasps - may appear forceful or weak - some time may pass between gasps because they usually happen at a slow rate - gasp may sound like a snort, snore, or groan - gasping is not normal breathing, it is a sign of cardiac arrest |
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steps to locate carotid pulse |
- locate trachea using 2 or 3 fingers - slide fingers into the groove between the trachea & the muscles at the side of the neck - feel for a pulse for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds - if you do not immediately feel a pulse, begin CPR, starting w/ chest compressions |
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starting CPR |
- start w/ compressions - remove or move clothing covering the victim's chest so that you can locate appropriate hand placement for compression - this will allow placement of the AED pads as well - use AED ASAP & follow prompts |
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chest compressions |
- compress at a rate of 100-120/min - compress the chest at least 2 in (5 cm) - allow chest to recoil (reexpand) completely after each compression - minimize interruptions in compressions |
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do not move the victim during compressions |
- unless the victim is in a dangerous environment or if you believe you cannot perform CPR effectively in the victims present position or location |
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firm surface for chest compressions |
- very important - place victim on a firm surface, such as the floor or a backboard |
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hand positioning for chest compressions |
- put heel of one hand in center of victim's chest, on the lower half of the sternum - put the heel of other hand on top of first hand - straighten arms & position shoulders directly over your hands - push straight down on the sternum for each chest compression |
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chest recoil |
chest compression & chest recoil/relaxation times should be about equal |
