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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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formed elements
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cells (white blood cells, red blodd cells and cell fragments (platelets)
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Plasma
Serum Clot |
serum and clotting protiens
plasma minus clotting agents formed elements and fibrin |
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Layers of coagulated blood
upper layer middle layer (buffy coat) lower layer |
plasma(serum+clotting element)
white blood cells red blood cells (volume RBC's =hematocrite) |
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functions of the blood
(2) |
transport of nutrients, gases, metabolic heat, hormones, waste products
HOMEOSTASTIS- regulation of extravascular fluid volume, regulation of pH, regulation of body temperature, protection against infections, protection against blood loss |
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erythrocytes
size |
a nucleated cells when mature and # approx 5 mill
7.5 um in diameter contain hemoglobin, conjugated protein, f polypeptide complexed to iron-containing heme grops |
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each heme group is capable of combining with (three things)
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O2- oxohemoglobin,
CO2-carbaminohemoglobin, and CO-carboxyhemoglobin |
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do RBC's have a nucleus
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not when mature, but when they are immature, they immature and in the macrophages they do
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leukocytes
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nucleated, leave vascular tissue via diapedesis
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azurophilic granules
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granules rich in acid phosphatase and peroxidase, so called cause they stain azure when stained with the Wright stain- granules found in all three cell types and are not specific to one type of cell
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specific granules
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developed after the primary granules- contain substances specific to a certain cell type
named according to the staining characteristics of secondary granules |
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leukotrienes
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synthesized by neutrophils and aid in the initiation of the inflammatory process, die while in battle, pus=dead neutrophiles
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BASOPHILES
azurphilic granules specific granules |
typical lysosomes containing acid hydrolases
Spec- contain histamin, leukotrienes, heparin, eosinophil chemotactic factor, neutrophilic chemotactic factor |
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bone marrow
body mass originates? where? |
3.5-5.9% of body weitht
originates second monthe of intauterine life with in clavicles |
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hematoclasia
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specialized cells that participate in the destruction of imperfect, aged, and damaged cells
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functions of bone marrow
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hematopoiesis, hematoclasia, immunologica- supplies stem lymphocytes to respective lymphoid organs, osseous-osteoblasts, osteoclasts- function in continual remodeling of bone
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gross structure of bone marrow
red yellow |
red- indicates hematopoeises (found in flat bones of the body)
large populations of fat cells- little hematopoiesis in this type of marrow |
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neonate bone marrow
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all marrow is red
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fat appears?
when is almost all of the fat yellow |
5-7 years of age
18th year most marrow in long bones is yellow |
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2 compartments
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vascular compartment
hemopoietic compartment |
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vascular compartment
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nutrients enter bone via nutrient foramina, from there branch into extensive networks of sinusoids
sinusoids predominate, walls of the sinusoids are surrounded by reticular fibers and phagocytic cells |
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hemopoietic compartment
location, contents |
located between the sinusoids
contains cells of hemopoietic lineage connective tissue cells such as mast cells, macrophages, plasma cells, reticular cells |
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megakaryocytes
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located against the outer walls of the sinusoids to provide ready access of platelets ot circulaton
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Hematopoiesis
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mesoblastic phase, hepatic phase, splenic phase, myeloid phase
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mesoblastic phase
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occurs in the yolk sac at about 2 weeks after fertiliza
these cells form blood islands |
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blood islands
outer cells develop into inner cells develop into |
vessel walls
nucleated erythrocytes |
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hepatic phase
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6th week of gestation, initially only erythrocytes are produced- 8 weeks leukocytes are produced
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splenic phase
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begins during the second trimester, continues with hepatic phase til end of gestanton
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2 lineages of CFU
CFU (colony forming units-spleen) CFU-L CFU-L (colony forming unit-lymphocyte) |
erythrocytes, granulocte, monocytes, megakaryocytes
give rise to lymphocytes |
