Blood Analysis

Front 1

A yellow colour in the plasma would indicate to test for?

Back 1

Bilirubin

Front 2

Total Protein

Back 2

Increased: dehydration, chronic inflammation, paraproteinemia

Decreased: over hydration, congestive heart failure (with edema), protein losing nephropathy/enteropathy, haemorrhage, burns, dietary protein deficiency, malabsorption, some viral conditions

Front 3

Albumin

Back 3

Increased: Dehydration

Decreased: Over Hydration, severe congested heart failure (Edema) , protein losing enteropathy/neuropathy, haemorrhage burned, dietary deficiency, malabsorption + liver failure

Front 4

Urea

Back 4

I: excess dietary protein, poor quality dietary protein, carbohydrate deficiency, catabolic states, dehydration, congestive heart failure, renal failure, blocked urethra and ruptured bladder

D: Low dietary protein, gross sepsis, anabolic hormonal effects, liver failure, Portosystemic shunts and errors of urea cycle

Front 5

Creatinine

Back 5

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 6

Creatinine

Back 6

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 7

ALT-

Back 7

Present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells

I: hepatocellular damage (half life of 2-4hr, rises quicker than AST but recovers quicker too)

Minor increases when muscle damage and hyperthyroidism

Front 8

Creatinine

Back 8

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 9

ALT-

Back 9

Present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells

I: hepatocellular damage (half life of 2-4hr, rises quicker than AST but recovers quicker too)

Minor increases when muscle damage and hyperthyroidism

Front 10

ALP

Back 10

I: increased bone deposition, liver damage, hyperthyroid, biliary tract disease, intestinal damage, hyperadrenocorticism, corticosteroid, Barbiturate administration, and generalised tissue damage (neoplasia), any increase in cats significant,

Front 11

Creatinine

Back 11

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 12

ALT-

Back 12

Present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells

I: hepatocellular damage (half life of 2-4hr, rises quicker than AST but recovers quicker too)

Minor increases when muscle damage and hyperthyroidism

Front 13

ALP

Back 13

I: increased bone deposition, liver damage, hyperthyroid, biliary tract disease, intestinal damage, hyperadrenocorticism, corticosteroid, Barbiturate administration, and generalised tissue damage (neoplasia), any increase in cats significant,

Front 14

GDH

Back 14

I: hepatocellular damage, hepatic necrosis

Front 15

Creatinine

Back 15

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 16

ALT-

Back 16

Present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells

I: hepatocellular damage (half life of 2-4hr, rises quicker than AST but recovers quicker too)

Minor increases when muscle damage and hyperthyroidism

Front 17

ALP

Back 17

I: increased bone deposition, liver damage, hyperthyroid, biliary tract disease, intestinal damage, hyperadrenocorticism, corticosteroid, Barbiturate administration, and generalised tissue damage (neoplasia), any increase in cats significant,

Front 18

GDH

Back 18

I: hepatocellular damage, hepatic necrosis

Front 19

YGT

Back 19

I: long term liver damage

Front 20

Creatinine

Back 20

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 21

ALT-

Back 21

Present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells

I: hepatocellular damage (half life of 2-4hr, rises quicker than AST but recovers quicker too)

Minor increases when muscle damage and hyperthyroidism

Front 22

ALP

Back 22

I: increased bone deposition, liver damage, hyperthyroid, biliary tract disease, intestinal damage, hyperadrenocorticism, corticosteroid, Barbiturate administration, and generalised tissue damage (neoplasia), any increase in cats significant,

Front 23

GDH

Back 23

I: hepatocellular damage, hepatic necrosis

Front 24

YGT

Back 24

I: long term liver damage

Front 25

CK

Back 25

“Muscle Enzyme”

I: rhabodomyolysis and aortic thromboembolism, slightly in hypothyroidism, small muscle damage or bruising makes it very high- not significant in dogs/cats unless looking for muscle disease

Front 26

Creatinine

Back 26

I: Renal dysfunction, blocked urethra, ruptured bladder

D: sample deterioration. High muscle mass have high-normal creatinine concentrations - also opposites for muscle.

Used for renal disease

Front 27

ALT-

Back 27

Present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver cells

I: hepatocellular damage (half life of 2-4hr, rises quicker than AST but recovers quicker too)

Minor increases when muscle damage and hyperthyroidism

Front 28

ALP

Back 28

I: increased bone deposition, liver damage, hyperthyroid, biliary tract disease, intestinal damage, hyperadrenocorticism, corticosteroid, Barbiturate administration, and generalised tissue damage (neoplasia), any increase in cats significant,

Front 29

GDH

Back 29

I: hepatocellular damage, hepatic necrosis

Front 30

YGT

Back 30

I: long term liver damage

Front 31

CK

Back 31

“Muscle Enzyme”

I: rhabodomyolysis and aortic thromboembolism, slightly in hypothyroidism, small muscle damage or bruising makes it very high- not significant in dogs/cats unless looking for muscle disease

Front 32

AST

Back 32

I: muscle and liver damage less value of ALT. Hypothyroidism

Front 33

PCV

Back 33

Basic status of the erythron

I: polycythemia- increase amount, increase size. Tumours that produce rbc only if very very high

D: anemia - haemorrhage (12hrs to decrease), haemolysis (decrease immediately + jaundice) lack of production in bone marrow

Front 34

Haemorrhage

Back 34

After 12 hrs:

High normoblasts

Increase in MCV

Decrease in MCHC

Won’t see hypochromasia when bleeding into the body as harmoglobin precursors still there

Jaundice may be seen as sequestered cells broken down

Front 35

Haemolysis

Back 35

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there

Front 36

Haemolysis

Back 36

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there

Front 37

AIHA

Back 37

No normocytes seen, target/folded RBC’s seen, jaundice not seen

Front 38

Haemolysis

Back 38

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there

Front 39

Haemolysis

Back 39

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there

Front 40

Haemolysis

Back 40

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there

Front 41

Haemolysis

Back 41

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there

Front 42

Haemolysis

Back 42

Early stages has Jaundice

Regenerative within few days

Normoblasts

Hypochromasia not seen as haemoglobin precursors still there