Since early 2000, there has been a significant increase of Americans who suffer from Renal Failure which was up by 57%. There are five stages of Chronic Kidney disease, and each stage has a specific characteristic which is defined by the glomerular filtrations rate. The fifth and final stage is End-Stage Renal Failure which is when the kidney is functioning at a GFR of less than 15%. According to the United States Renal Data System Annual Report more than 615,000 American’s are being treated for kidney failure which is also known as End Stage Renal Disease, more than 430,000 Americans are dialysis patients and more than 185,000 have a functioning kidney transplant. In addition, due to higher rates of other diseases such as diabetes, high blood
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In the beginning a patient may have normal kidney function with little or no symptoms; however, healthy nephrons are being overworked causing them to become larger due to compensation for the diseased nephrons. The overworked nephrons allow for glomerular filtration rate to remain effective until three fourths of function is lost. Overtime as the disease progresses through the various stages it eventually results in renal failure where high levels of creatine and urea are present within the blood. The decreased function of the kidney and glomerular filtrations affects many systems as the disease …show more content…
There are several key clinical manifestations with in the systems that appear with kidney disease. Neurological manifestations associated kidney disease with uremia includes lethargy, seizures, or coma which is an indicator for encephalopathy. Cardiovascular manifestations and uremia include result from fluid overload cardiomyopathy, hypertension, edema, and heart failure as well as extra heart sounds. Urinary manifestations such as polyuria occur early in the disease but as it progresses it becomes concentrated and cloudy in appearance if urine is produced at all. The skin may have decreased turgor, be dry, and late in the disease have uremic frost which is considered premorbid. The entire gastrointestinal system is affected; a person may experience anorexia, metallic like taste in the mouth, diarrhea, and uremic fector. Respiratory changes include tachypnea, deep sighing, crackles, and shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, and breath that smells like
In the beginning a patient may have normal kidney function with little or no symptoms; however, healthy nephrons are being overworked causing them to become larger due to compensation for the diseased nephrons. The overworked nephrons allow for glomerular filtration rate to remain effective until three fourths of function is lost. Overtime as the disease progresses through the various stages it eventually results in renal failure where high levels of creatine and urea are present within the blood. The decreased function of the kidney and glomerular filtrations affects many systems as the disease …show more content…
There are several key clinical manifestations with in the systems that appear with kidney disease. Neurological manifestations associated kidney disease with uremia includes lethargy, seizures, or coma which is an indicator for encephalopathy. Cardiovascular manifestations and uremia include result from fluid overload cardiomyopathy, hypertension, edema, and heart failure as well as extra heart sounds. Urinary manifestations such as polyuria occur early in the disease but as it progresses it becomes concentrated and cloudy in appearance if urine is produced at all. The skin may have decreased turgor, be dry, and late in the disease have uremic frost which is considered premorbid. The entire gastrointestinal system is affected; a person may experience anorexia, metallic like taste in the mouth, diarrhea, and uremic fector. Respiratory changes include tachypnea, deep sighing, crackles, and shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, and breath that smells like