Bisc 110 Vitamins

Front 1

True or False: Vitamins supply energy (kcals).

Back 1

False

Front 2

What is the most unstable vitamin?

Back 2

Vitamin C

Front 3

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Back 3

Vitamins A,D,E, and K

Front 4

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Back 4

All of the B vitamins and Vitamin C

Front 5

What is a primary vitamin deficiency?

Back 5

Deficiency related to inadequate intake from the diet

Front 6

What is secondary nutritional deficiency?

Back 6

Deficiency related to a disease state; nutrient has increased need, decreased absortion, increased excretion, etc.

Front 7

What are two veggies with the most antioxidant activity?

Back 7

Kale and spinach

Front 8

What are two fruits with the most antioxidant activity?

Back 8

Prunes and raisins

Front 9

What is a megadose?

Back 9

10x or more the RDA/DRI of a nutrient

Front 10

What are the two classifications of Vitamin A?

Back 10

1. Retinoids (animal sources - higher toxicity potential)
2. Carotenoids (plant sources - relatively nontoxic)

Front 11

What is the 'vision vitamin'?

Back 11

Vitamin A

Front 12

What is xerophthalmia?

Back 12

Long term deficiency of Vitamin A that leads to irreversible blindness (mainly in children). Aka clouded cornea

Front 13

What are the best food sources of vitamin A?

Back 13

Retinoids: organ meats, cream, butter, egg yolk, margarine
Carotenoids: dark green and yellow fruits and veggies (carrots and sweet potatoes)

Front 14

Deficiency of what vitamin causes rickets in kids and osteomalacia in adults?

Back 14

Vitamin D

Front 15

What is the best source of Vitamin D?

Back 15

Milk

Front 16

True or false: Milk and cheese are good sources of Vitamin D.

Back 16

False; milk is a good source, but cheese is not

Front 17

What does Vitamin D toxicity cause?

Back 17

Metastatic calcification, including possible calcification leading to narrower blood vessels in the brain

Front 18

How much time in the sun is required to produce adequate Vitamin D?

Back 18

10-15 minutes (then apply sunscreen)

Front 19

What vitamin is associated with protective effects against cardiac disease/cancers?

Back 19

Vitamin E

Front 20

What is the problem with megadosing on Vitamin E?

Back 20

It may cause excessive bleeding for people on blood thinners (because it acts as a Vitamin K antagonist)

Front 21

What are the best food sources of Vitamin E?

Back 21

Vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, whole grains

Front 22

What is the primary form of Vitamin E in the diet? Which is less prominent?

Back 22

Tocopherols are the primary form; tocotrienols are less prominent

Front 23

What is the blood clotting vitamin?

Back 23

Vitamin K

Front 24

What problems may result from Vitamin K deficiency?

Back 24

Bleeding problems, including the gums (gingivitus)

Front 25

What vitamin can be synthesized by bacterial flora in the gut?

Back 25

Vitamin K (body may provide between 15% and 50% of its Vitamin K needs)

Front 26

What is the single most important dietary source of Vitamin K?

Back 26

Lettuce (green, leafy vegetables)

Front 27

Of the water soluble vs. fat soluble vitamins, which expresses deficiency symptoms faster?

Back 27

Water soluble vitamins (limited body storage)

Front 28

What are the common names of the following B vitamins (if it isn't listed):
1. B1
2. B2
3. Niacin
4. B6
5. Folic acid
6. B12
7. Pantothenic Acid
8. Biotin

Back 28

1. B1 = Thiamin
2. B2 = Riboflavin
3. Niacin
4. B6 = Pyridoxine
5. Folic acid/folate
6. B12 = Cobalamin
7. Pantothenic acid
8. Biotin

Front 29

What is the general function of B vitamins?

Back 29

Coenzymes (assist enzymes as catalysts in energy bearing reactions)

Front 30

What symptoms are associated with vitamin B deficiency?

Back 30

Dry, cracked lips and lip sores

Front 31

What B vitamins are associated with lowering blood homocysteine levels (and therefore lowering the risk of heart disease)?

Back 31

Folate, B12, and possibly B6

Front 32

What is Beri Beri? What causes it?

Back 32

Beri Beri is neurological pain in the extremities caused by a deficiency of thiamin (B1)

Front 33

What is the best food source of thiamin?

Back 33

It is widely distributed; high in pork and whole grains

Front 34

What patients are especially prone to thiamin deficiency?

Back 34

Alcoholics, people with anorexia nervosa, and patients who recently had gastric bypass surgery

Front 35

What are the best sources of riboflavin (B2)?

Back 35

Milk products, meats, and whole/enriched grains

Front 36

What B vitamin can be sythesized from tryptophan?

Back 36

Niacin (B3)

Front 37

What causes pellegra? Why is it called a 4 'D' disease?

Back 37

Pellegra is caused by a deficiency of niacin; it is called a 4'D' disease because its symptoms are dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, then death.

Front 38

What are good food sources of niacin?

Back 38

HBV proteins; peanut butter, whole and enriched grains

Front 39

What is the 'PMS vitamin'?

Back 39

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Front 40

What are the symptoms of a vitamin B6 deficiency?

Back 40

No classic deficiency disease; may present with oral symptoms - glossitis, cheilosis

Front 41

What are good food sources of Vitamin B6?

Back 41

Organ meats, meats, grains, ect. (pretty widely distributed)

Front 42

What is megaloblastic anemia? What causes it?

Back 42

A deficiency in folic acid causes this deficiency disease; megaloblastic anemia produces RBCs that are large and pale, with a weak cell wall.

Front 43

What vitamin has been found to decrease the incidence of neural tube defects in offspring (important for pregnant women)?

Back 43

Folate/folic acid

Front 44

What are good food sources of Folic acid/folate?

Back 44

"Foliage" (green, leafy veggies), also OJ, liver, legumes, etc.

Front 45

What B vitamin is important for cell division/growth and RBC maturation/growth?

Back 45

Folic acid/folate

Front 46

What deficiency disease is associated with vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

Back 46

Pernicious anemia (a type of megaloblastic anemia) - has both hematologic and neurologic abnormalities

Front 47

What is needed for vitamin B12 to be absorbed?

Back 47

R-protein and intrinsic factor

Front 48

What B vitamin can only be found in animal food sources?

Back 48

B12 (meat, milk, eggs)

Front 49

What vitamin is generally not absorbed until it reaches the illeum of the small intestine (most others are absorbed in the jejunum)?

Back 49

Vitamin B12

Front 50

What vitamin is associated with collagen formation/wound healing and protection against infections?

Back 50

Vitamin C

Front 51

What are the oral signs/symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency?

Back 51

Swollen, bleeding gums/gingivitis; loosing teeth; slow healing of soft tissue/surgical sites

Front 52

What classic deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin C deficiency?

Back 52

Scurvy (and petechiae - tiny, pinpoint skin hemmorrhages; painful to touch)

Front 53

What is Ascorbic acid?

Back 53

Vitamin C

Front 54

What are the DRIs for Vitamin C?

Back 54

90mg for males, 75 mg for females (with an additional 35 mg/day for smokers - smoke pollutants destroy vitamin C)

Front 55

What is the upper tolerable limit for Vitamin C?

Back 55

2,000 mg/day

Front 56

What are the best food sources of Vitamin C?

Back 56

Citrus fruits, strawberries, and cantaloupe

Front 57

What is the common symptom of Vitamin C toxicity?

Back 57

GI distress and dry nose bleed