Bisc 225 - Test 1

Front 1

Append-

Back 1

To hang something

Front 2

Cardi-

Back 2

Heart

Front 3

Cerebr-

Back 3

Brain

Front 4

Cran-

Back 4

Helmet

Front 5

Dors-

Back 5

Back

Front 6

Homeo-

Back 6

Same

Front 7

-logy

Back 7

The study of

Front 8

Meta-

Back 8

Change

Front 9

Nas-

Back 9

Nose

Front 10

Orb-

Back 10

Circle

Front 11

Pariet-

Back 11

Wall

Front 12

Pelv-

Back 12

Basin

Front 13

Peri-

Back 13

Around

Front 14

Pleur-

Back 14

Rib

Front 15

-Stasis

Back 15

Standing still

Front 16

Super-

Back 16

Above

Front 17

-Tomy

Back 17

Cutting

Front 18

The parts of the body, "What is it made of?"

Back 18

Anatomy

Front 19

The functions of the body parts, "How does it work?"

Back 19

Physiology

Front 20

The requirements for human life to exist are (5):

Back 20

Water (metabolic processes), Food (provide organism with nutrients to make ATP), Oxygen (usedd to release energy from nutrients), Heat (controls reaction rate), Pressure (allows us to breathe, keeps blood pumping)

Front 21

What are the characteristics of life? (10):

Back 21

Movement, Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion

Front 22

This is the maintaining of a stable internal environment

Back 22

Homeostasis

Front 23

The three components of a homostatic mechanism are;

Back 23

Receptors, a control center, effectors

Front 24

The process of a homostatic mechanism is;

Back 24

A stimulus/change in environment occurs. The stimulus is received in the receptors. The receptors send a signal to the control center. The effectors respond to the stimulus (eg. sweat glands excrete). Then a response occurs to restore your body to a normal state.

Front 25

The portion of the body that contains the head, neck, trunk, and appendicular portion (includes upper and lower limbs) is called the:

Back 25

Axial portion

Front 26

The cavity of the body that houses the brain

Back 26

Cranial cavity

Front 27

The cavity of the body that contains the spinal cord is the:

Back 27

Vertebral column

Front 28

The cavity of the body that contains the lungs and is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity is called the:

Back 28

Thoric cavity

Front 29

The muscle that separates the thoric cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is the:

Back 29

Diaphragm

Front 30

The region between the lungs that contains the heart, esophagus, trachaea, and the thymus is called the:

Back 30

Mediastinum

Front 31

The cavity that contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gall-bladder, kidney, and small and large intestines.

Back 31

The abdominal cavity

Front 32

The portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that houses the end of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs is the:

Back 32

Pelvic cavity

Front 33

This cavity of the head contains the teeth and tongue

Back 33

Oral cavity

Front 34

This cavity of the head is located within the nose and divides nose using the septum. This includes the sinuses.

Back 34

Nasal cavity

Front 35

These cavity of the face contains the eyes, skeletal muscles, and nerves

Back 35

Orbital cavities

Front 36

These line the walls of the thoric and abdonimopelvic cavities. They make fluid that exists in the cavities within the body. This membrane covers the organs.

Back 36

Serous membrane

Front 37

The serous membrane that surrounds the entire thoric cavity is called:

Back 37

Parietal Pleura

Front 38

The serous membrane that folds back to cover the lungs is called the:

Back 38

Visceral pleura

Front 39

These two things are stuck together to allow you to breathe. When you have a "collapsed lung", it means that these two are no longer attached, and there is air trapped in the cavity.

Back 39

Visceral Pleura and Pareital Pleura

Front 40

This term means "around the heart"

Back 40

Pericardia

Front 41

This lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity:

Back 41

Parietal Peritoneum

Front 42

This covers most of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Back 42

Visceral peritoneum

Front 43

This is a comparative term to indicate that a body part is above another.

Back 43

Superior

Front 44

This is a comparative term to indicate that a body part is below another.

Back 44

Inferior

Front 45

This is a term meaning "toward the front" of the body

Back 45

Anterior/Ventral

Front 46

This is a term meaning "toward the back" of the body

Back 46

Posterior/Dorsal

Front 47

This refers to an imaginary midline that divides the body into halves. This compares one body part as being closer to the middle than another part.

Back 47

Medial

Front 48

This means toward the exterior of the body, away from the midline.

Back 48

Lateral

Front 49

This refers to paired structures, one on each side.

Back 49

Bilateral

Front 50

This refers to structures on the same side of the body, like the right lung and right kidney.

Back 50

Ipsilateral

Front 51

This refers to structures on opposite sides of the body, like the kidneys.

Back 51

Contralateral

Front 52

This refers to a body part being closer to the point of attachment, such as a joint or tube.

Back 52

Proximal

Front 53

This refers to a body part being farther away from the point of attachment, such as a joint or tube.

Back 53

Distal

Front 54

This means near the surface

Back 54

Superficial

Front 55

This means within the body, or closer to the body's core

Back 55

Deep

Front 56

This refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into left and right along the midline.

Back 56

Sagittal

Front 57

A sagittal cut down the middle of the body is called:

Back 57

Midsagittal

Front 58

A sagittal cut toward one side of the body is called

Back 58

Parasagittal

Front 59

A horizontal cut that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Back 59

Transverse

Front 60

A cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Back 60

Frontal

Front 61

Bio-

Back 61

Life

Front 62

Di-

Back 62

Two

Front 63

Glyc-

Back 63

Sweet

Front 64

Iso-

Back 64

Equal

Front 65

Lip-

Back 65

Fat

Front 66

-Lyt

Back 66

Dissolvable

Front 67

Mono-

Back 67

One

Front 68

Nucle-

Back 68

Kernel

Front 69

Poly-

Back 69

Many

Front 70

Sacchar-

Back 70

Sugar

Front 71

Syn-

Back 71

Together

Front 72

-Valent

Back 72

Having power

Front 73

Anything that has weight and takes up space

Back 73

Matter

Front 74

These are major elements of the body and they make up 99% of the body

Back 74

C, H, O, N, Ca, P, K, S, Cl, Na, Mg

Front 75

Some trace elements are:

Back 75

Co, Cu, Fl, I, Fe

Front 76

These act as enzyme cofactors in the body, speeding up reactions

Back 76

Trace elements

Front 77

These are atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons as their original form, but a different number of neutrons

Back 77

Isotopes

Front 78

When atoms are bonded equally, they are:

Back 78

Nonpolar

Front 79

When the pull toward one side of a compound is stronger than another, this is considered to be:

Back 79

Polar

Front 80

If Na loses an electron to Cl, you are left with:

Back 80

Na+ and Cl-

Front 81

Substances that release ions in water are called:

Back 81

Electrolytes

Front 82

This makes water a good solvent:

Back 82

Polarity

Front 83

The body has approximately ___ liters of water at any given time

Back 83

35-40

Front 84

Water molecules are bonded to each other through ___ bonds. These are also the bonds that hold DNA together, and are broken when conditions are not ideal. (Temperature too hot, DNA fall apart)

Back 84

Hydrogen bonds

Front 85

The substances you begin a chemical reaction with:

Back 85

Reactants

Front 86

The substances formed after a chemical reaction

Back 86

Products

Front 87

These substances release H+ ions

Back 87

Acids

Front 88

These substances release OH-, or other things that bond with H+

Back 88

Bases

Front 89

This person discovered the concept of pH

Back 89

Sorin Sorenson

Front 90

Water has a pH of:

Back 90

7

Front 91

Urine has a pH of:

Back 91

5

Front 92

Stomach acid has a pH of:

Back 92

2

Front 93

Milk of Magnesia has a pH of:

Back 93

10.5

Front 94

Household Ammonia has a pH of:

Back 94

11.5

Front 95

Optimal human body pH is:

Back 95

7.3-7.5

Front 96

Body systems that maintain pH are:

Back 96

The urinary system and respiratory system

Front 97

The urinary system expels this ion from the body:

Back 97

H+

Front 98

The respiratory system expels this substance from the body:

Back 98

CO2

Front 99

These are abundant in body fluids and are the source of necessary ions.

Back 99

Inorganic Salts

Front 100

Inorganic salts are regularly gained and lost by body but must be present in certain concentrations to maintain homeostasis. This is called:

Back 100

Electrolyte Balance

Front 101

These substances provide much of the energy that the cells require; supply material to build cell structures; stored as energy reserves.

Back 101

Carbohydrates

Front 102

These are simple carbohydrates

Back 102

Sugars

Front 103

These are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They are made of fatty acids and glycerols.

Back 103

Lipids

Front 104

If a lipid has single-bonded carbons, they are ___ fats.

Back 104

Saturated

Front 105

If a lipid has double bonded, they are ___ fats

Back 105

Unsaturated

Front 106

Fatty acids and glycerol unite so that each glycerol molecule binds to three fatty acid chains forming a

Back 106

Triglyceride

Front 107

Glycerol portion, two fatty acid chains, and a third portion that contains a phosphate group

Back 107

Phospholipid

Front 108

Molecules are complex structures that include interconnected rings of carbon atoms

Back 108

Steroids

Front 109

Apo-

Back 109

Away, off, apart

Front 110

Cyt-

Back 110

Cell

Front 111

Endo-

Back 111

Within

Front 112

Hyper-

Back 112

Above

Front 113

Hypo-

Back 113

Below

Front 114

Inter-

Back 114

Between

Front 115

Iso-

Back 115

Equal

Front 116

Lys-

Back 116

Break up

Front 117

Mit-

Back 117

Thread

Front 118

Phag-

Back 118

To eat

Front 119

Pino-

Back 119

To drink

Front 120

Pro-

Back 120

Before

Front 121

-Som

Back 121

Body

Front 122

Vesic-

Back 122

Bladder

Front 123

This is the garbage disposal of the cell.

Back 123

Lysosome

Front 124

These synthesize proteins.

Back 124

Ribosomes

Front 125

This is what cell membranes are made of:

Back 125

Phospholipid

Front 126

This stabilizes cell membranes:

Back 126

Cholesterol

Front 127

The three types of proteins found in the cell membrane are:

Back 127

Globular/Integral, Peripheral, and Receptor

Front 128

These proteins provide channels and pathways allowing non-fats to pass into the cell.

Back 128

Integral Proteins

Front 129

These proteins are recognition proteins that are found on the outside of the cell, containing unique recognition molecules

Back 129

Peripheral

Front 130

These proteins receive and transmit signals

Back 130

Receptor

Front 131

These are white blood cells that bind to the capillary carbohydrates, then exit and pool in the tissue to fight infection.

Back 131

CAMs (cellular adhesion proteins)

Front 132

This organelle has ribosomes attached to it, and makes lots of proteins.

Back 132

Rough ER

Front 133

This contains enzymes for lipid synthesis. It absorbs fats and breaks down drugs.

Back 133

Smooth ER

Front 134

This organ's cells have a lot of smooth ER

Back 134

Liver

Front 135

This is a stack of about 6 membranes. They package materials made in the smooth ER and brings them to transport proteins to be expelled.

Back 135

Golgi Apparatus

Front 136

There are several hundred of these per cell, has two membranes, and its insides are folded into cristae. Lots of ATP is produced here.

Back 136

Mitochondria

Front 137

These are found in the liver and kidneys. They speed up reactions and contain many enzymes. They break down fatty acids and detoxify alcohol.

Back 137

Peroxisomes

Front 138

These make up the centrisomes, and make up microtubules. They pull chromosomes around to make new cells, and also make up flagella and cillia

Back 138

Centrioles

Front 139

These are made of actin and are found in muscles.

Back 139

Microfilaments

Front 140

These are made of tubulin and make up the scaffolding of the cell.

Back 140

Microtubules