Biology Vocab List 2

Front 1

Cytology

Back 1

Study of cells

Front 2

Cell

Back 2

the functional and structural unit of life

Front 3

Cell Theory

Back 3

the theory that all living things are made up of microscopic units called cells

Front 4

Protoplasm

Back 4

The entire contents of cells

Front 5

Unicellular

Back 5

an organism that consists of only one cell

Front 6

Multicellular

Back 6

an organism that consists of many cells

Front 7

Colonial Organism

Back 7

an organism that consists of a group of similar cells living together. Each cell functions like a unicellular organism.

Front 8

Tissue

Back 8

group of similar cells working together to carry out a similar function

Front 9

Organ

Back 9

tissues grouped together to perform a specific function

Front 10

Eukaryotic

Back 10

a cell that possess both organelles and a nucleus that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Front 11

Organelle

Back 11

specialized structure in a cell that performs a specific function

Front 12

Prokaryotic

Back 12

a cell that lacks a nuclear membrane and has only indistinct organelles; found in kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Front 13

Plasma Membrane

Back 13

The cellular membrane that forms the outermost boundary of a cell’s cytoplasm and also encloses the membrane-bound organelles within a cell.

Front 14

Cell Wall

Back 14

a rigid structure manufactured by the cell; located outside the plasma membrane; often made of cellulose, silica, or other substances.

Front 15

Capsule

Back 15

a cellular secretion surrounding certain algae and bacteria

Front 16

Cytoplasm

Back 16

all the material inside the plasma membrane of a cell, excluding the nucleus.

Front 17

Mitochondria

Back 17

membrane-bound cellular organelle that would fit responsible for the respiration of foods to release usable energy

Front 18

Ribosome

Back 18

non-membrane bound cellular organelle associated with protein formation

Front 19

Endoplasmic Rectilium

Back 19

a cellular structure consisting of a complex network of fine, branching tubes

Front 20

Golgi Apparatus

Back 20

a cellular structure consisting of a complex network of fine, branching tubes

Front 21

Lysosome

Back 21

A membrane-bound organelle that contains various hydrolytic enzymes.

Front 22

Centrosome

Back 22

an area near the nucleus of a cell that functions in the production of microtubules.

Front 23

Cytoskeleton

Back 23

internal structure of the cytoplasm; made of microfilaments and microtubules

Front 24

Flagellum

Back 24

long tubular extension of a cell’s plasma membrane that aids in movement

Front 25

Cilia

Back 25

numerous short extensions of the plasma membrane that aids in movement

Front 26

Basal body

Back 26

The action-controlling structure at the base of cilium and flagellum.

Front 27

Microtuble

Back 27

hollow, spiral assemblies of protein molecules that make up cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindles

Front 28

Microfilament

Back 28

flexible, rod-like assembly of protein molecules

Front 29

Plastid

Back 29

membrane bound organelle found in plants and algae, not in animals

Front 30

Chloroplast

Back 30

organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Front 31

Grana

Back 31

structures within chloroplasts that contain the chlorophyll and other pigments involved in photosynthesis.

Front 32

Vacuole

Back 32

membrane bound organelle used to hold various substances; large in plants

Front 33

Vesical

Back 33

A small vacule

Front 34

Nucleus

Back 34

the region of s Eukaryotic cell that contains the chromosomes; control center of a cell

Front 35

Nuclear pore

Back 35

double membrane forming the surface of nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Front 36

Chromatin Material

Back 36

complex of DNA and surrounding proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Front 37

Nucleolus

Back 37

a spherical body found in the nucleus and has a high concentration of RNA and protein

Front 38

Nuclear Envelope

Back 38

double membrane forming the surface of nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Front 39

Homeostasis

Back 39

the equilibrium or internal “steady state” that every living organism must maintain.

Front 40

Isotonic

Back 40

A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cytoplasm of living cells.

Front 41

Hypotonic Solution

Back 41

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than in the cytoplasm of living cells.

Front 42

Cytolysis

Back 42

The bursting or disintegration of a cell.

Front 43

Hypertonic Solution

Back 43

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than in the cytoplasm of living cells

Front 44

Passive Transport

Back 44

The movement of substances through cellular membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy.

Front 45

Passive Mediated Transport

Back 45

passive transport that requires the presence of a protein factor in the cellular membrane

Front 46

Active Transport

Back 46

The movement of molecules across a cellular membrane against the concentration gradient; requires cellular energy expenditure.

Front 47

Endoccytosis

Back 47

process a cell uses to transport substances in bulk across the membrane; into the cell.

Front 48

Phagocytosis

Back 48

the process of a cell engulfing a substance such as food particles.

Front 49

Pinocytosis

Back 49

The process whereby a cell takes in fluid/water by forming vesicles.

Front 50

Exocytosis

Back 50

process whereby vesicles or vacuole in the cytoplasm fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside of the cell.