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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gene
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Physical and functional unit of heredity that carries information from one generation to the next. The entire DNA sequence necessary for the synthesis of a functional polypeptide or RNA molecule. In addition to the coding regions (exons), a gene may have non-coding intervening sequences (introns) and transcription-control regions.
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allele
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A known variation (version) of a particular gene. Formerly caled allelomorph.
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dominant trait
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In general terms, a gene contributes to production or expression of some trait or character (a phene), e.g. the color of one's iris. A locus is similar, but more loosely defined: since phenes are usually readily apparent but determining which genes contribute to them is a complicated process, loci are simply locations in the genome which are known to be directly related to expression of defined phenes. Most loci can eventually be assigned to specific genes, but there is no straightforward 1:1 relationship between loci and genes, and whereas a gene always encodes for a protein, a locus might be in a noncoding DNA sequence.
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recessive trait
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a trait that you may not show but you have
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homozygous
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possessing stable genetic traits which are passed on to its offspring
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heterozygous
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containing a dissimilar pair of genes for any hereditary characteristic (Biology)
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purebred
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thoroughbred, having unmixed ancestry, pedigreed
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hybrid
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crossbreed, mixed breed, cross between two animals or plants from different breeds or species
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genotype
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The diploid genetic formula at one or more loci
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phenotype
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The visible or measurable (i.e., expressed) characteristics of an organisms (see genotype).
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karyotype
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full set of chromosomes contained in a cell or organism (Genetics)
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pedigree
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pedigree, genealogical tree; dynasty; genealogy, ancestry; thoroughbred certification
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carrier
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one who ships; one who carries; messanger; thing that carries; aircraft carrier; shipping company; truck; steamship or vessel for carrying goods or transporting passengers; post-office worker who carries mail; person who delivers newspapers on a specific route; person (or animal) who transmits a disease to others but does not suffer from it themselves; signal transmitted over a telephone line when two computers are connected through modems (Computers); telecommunications company
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codominat alleles
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A phenotypic situation in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote.
codon |
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incompletely dominant alleles
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A type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties.
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polygenic trait
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An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character
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sex-linked trait
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An inherited trait, such as color discrimination, determined by a gene located on a sex chromosome and that therefore shows a different pattern of inheritance in males and females
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