Biology Unit 3

Front 1

Chloroplast

Back 1

organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place

Front 2

Mitochondria

Back 2

cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs

Front 3

ATP

Back 3

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Front 4

Cell Theory

Back 4

theory that all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

Front 5

Micrograph

Back 5

photograph of the view through a microscope

Front 6

Organelle

Back 6

part of a cell with a specific function

Front 7

Plasma Membrane

Back 7

thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings

Front 8

Nucleus

Back 8

the command center of a cell where genetic material is stored

Front 9

Cytoplasm

Back 9

region of cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane, it consists of various organelles suspended in a fluid called the cytosol.

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

strong wall outside a plant cell’s plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape

Front 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 11

cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles

Front 12

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 12

cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles

Front 13

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 13

2-layer “sandwich” of molecules that surrounds a cell forming it's plasma membrane

Front 14

Diffusion

Back 14

net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

Front 15

Equilibrium

Back 15

point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in 1 direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction

Front 16

Selectively Permeable Membrane

Back 16

membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether

Front 17

Passive Transport

Back 17

diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell

Front 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 18

pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane

Front 19

Osmosis

Back 19

passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 20

Hypertonic

Back 20

having a higher concentration of solute than another solution

Front 21

Hypotonic

Back 21

having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Front 22

Isotonic

Back 22

having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution

Front 23

Active Transport

Back 23

movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell

Front 24

Vesicle

Back 24

small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into

Front 25

Endocytosis

Back 25

process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that buds inward from the plasma membrane

Front 26

Exocytosis

Back 26

process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane

Front 27

Nuclear Envelope

Back 27

double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus

Front 28

Nucleolus

Back 28

ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus that produces ribosomes.

Front 29

Ribosome

Back 29

cell structure that synthesizes proteins

Front 30

Golgi Apparatus

Back 30

cellular organelle that receives, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products in a cell. Has a "receiving" end and a "shipping" end.

Front 31

Vacuole

Back 31

membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus

Front 32

Lysosome

Back 32

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins

Front 33

Microfilament

Back 33

solid rod of protein

Front 34

Flagella

Back 34

long whip-like appendages that propel some cells

Front 35

Cilia

Back 35

short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface