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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interferons
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Chemical or signalling molecule that is produced by a virus infected cell, which warns nearby cells of the virus so they can produce antiviral proteins to protect themselves.
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Signal Transduction
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the process by which extracelular signals are detected and converted into intracellular signals, that, in turn, generate specific cellular responses.
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Cellular Respiration
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the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules. The transfer of energy from various molecules to produce ATP; occurs in the mitochondria. Oxygen is consumed and carbon Dioxide is released.
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Rational Drug Design
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the inventive process of finding medication. It may modify an existing drug or design a new drug which will interact specifically with a selected molecular target important in disease progression.
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photosynthesis
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The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Occurs in the chloroplast in the process of chlorphyll. oxygen is a biproduct.
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Pheromones
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A chemical substances produced and released into the environment by an animal. Affecting the behaviour or physiology of other of its species.
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Hormones
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A regulatory substances produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluid such as blood, to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
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Humoral Immunity
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Aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies produced by B cells to destroy pathogens.
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Negative Feedback
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Mechanism in the body for maintaing a state of internal constancy or homeostasis; effectors are activated by changes in the internal environment, and the actions of the effectors serve to counteract these changes and maintain a state of balance.
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Positive Feedback
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factors that result from a process, and in turn increase the same process.
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Anabolic Reaction
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Reactions in cells in which new chemical bonds are formed and new molecules are made; generally require energy.
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Catabolic Reaction
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Reactions in the cells in which existing chemical bonds are broken and molecules are broken down; generally producing energy.
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Endergonic Reaction
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Chemical reaction which absorbs free energy from its surroundings.
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Exergonic Reaction
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Chemical Reaction which releases free energy.
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Pathogen
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An infectious agent, or biological agen that causes disease to its host.
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mRNA
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messenger RNA; the template for protein synthesis. Single stranded nucleic acid similar to DNA. Carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
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tRNA
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transfer RNA; small RNA molecule that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.
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Complementary Proteins
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Two or more incomplete protein sources that together procide adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids. Bind to microbe
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