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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Generally biologists rely on the _____________________ to study the surface structures of cells
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Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)
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Not light microscope
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____________________ are used to study the internal structure of cells.
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Transmission electron microscope(TEM)
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Not SEM
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Both plant and animal cells have the following organelles in common:
a. plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm b. plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleus c. plasma membrane, nucleus, chloroplast d. central vacuole, plasma membrane, nucleus e. cytoskeleton, nucleus, cell wall |
a. plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm
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The chloroplast is the organelle in which
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Photosynthesis occurs
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Converts sunlight to energy
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What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and are smaller than eukaryotic cells
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Prokaryotic is missing something
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The plasma membrane consists of two layers of phospholipids. This bilayer is composed of
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hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
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hydro
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Many of the specific functions of plasma membranes are carried out by ____________________ that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
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protiens
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In the plasma membrane, “transport proteins” help cells
a. move certain substances across the membrane. b. communicate and recognize each other. c. synthesize more proteins for cellular movement. d. carry out mechanical work such as muscle contraction. e. release chemical signals that will be picked up by proteins in a nearby cell. |
a. move certain substances across the membrane
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not b or e
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What is diffusion
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the net movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
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equalibrium
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What is passive transport
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it is the movement of particles in and out without the cell expending energy
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no energy
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The plasma membrane consists of two layers of phospholipids. This bilayer is composed of
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hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
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hydro
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Many of the specific functions of plasma membranes are carried out by ____________________ that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
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protiens
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In the plasma membrane, “transport proteins” help cells
a. move certain substances across the membrane. b. communicate and recognize each other. c. synthesize more proteins for cellular movement. d. carry out mechanical work such as muscle contraction. e. release chemical signals that will be picked up by proteins in a nearby cell. |
a. move certain substances across the membrane
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not b or e
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What is diffusion
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the net movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
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equalibrium
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What is passive transport
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it is the movement of particles in and out without the cell expending energy
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no energy
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Small polar molecules diffuse into and out of the cell through a process called
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facilitated transport
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The passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
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osmosis
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A plant cell is usually healthiest when surrounded by an environment that is
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hyotonic
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_____________________ are membrane-enclosed sacs that transport large particles through a plasma membrane.
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vesicles
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Substances produced in the nucleus are released into the cytoplasm through
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pores in the nuclear envelope
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What are the 3 parts of the nucleus
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Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
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The cell organelle that works as a “protein assembly line” is the
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ribosomes
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The organelle that modifies, stores, and routes proteins and other chemical products throughout the cell is the
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Golgi apparatus
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In the cytoplasm, the _____________________ participate in the storage and digestion of food within the cell.
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lysosomes and ribosomes
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The site of cellular respiration is the
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mitocondrion
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What is the function of the plasma membrane
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defines the boundary of the cell and regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
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What is the function of the nucleus
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it is the brain of the cell and it stores the genetic material in the form of DNA
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What is the function of the cytoplasm
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the entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
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What is the function of the cell wall. What kind of cell is in found in.
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protects plant cell and maintains its shape
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What is the function of the chloroplasts
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organelle where photosynthesis occurs
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What is the function of the membranes
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to keep things seperate
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What is a phospholipid bilayers structure
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the phosphate end faces the watery inside and watery outside because it is hydrophilic. The fatty acids are hydrophobic and arrange in between the phosphate to avoid water.
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What is hydrophobic? Hydrophilic?
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Hydrophobic - avoid water
Hydrophilic - attracted to water |
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How does passive transport work
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the inside and outside of the cell always want to maintain a state of equalibrium. Certain small molecules that can pass through the phospholipid bilayer will naturaly move in and out to have equalibrium.
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What is diffusion? Give and example
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Diffusion is the process of particles moving from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration of a substance. An example is passive transport.
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Facilitated diffusion
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the process that allows particles that are too large to fit through a selectively permiable membrane.
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How does facilitated diffusion work
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transport protiens open up a passage in which large particles can pass through.
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what is osmosis
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the passive transport of water across a selectively permiable membrane
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how does osmosis work
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if water on the outside of a cell is 70% H2O and the inside is 80% H2O the water will move out of the cell to create an equal H2O %.
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What is a solution with a higher concentration of water called
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hypertonic
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What is a solution with a lower concentration of water called
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hypotonic
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what a solutions with equal concentrations of water called
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isotonic
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How does active transport work
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during active transport, a specific transport protein pumps a solute across a membrane, usually in the opposite direction to the way it travels in diffusion.
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What is exocytosis
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when a cell engulfs a subsance in a vessicle by surrounding it
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what is endocytosis
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when a cell gets rid of a substace by unsurrounding it
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What is the function of the nuclear envelope
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a membane that surrounds the nucleus. it has pores that allow instructions from DNA to be sent throughout a cell
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What is the function of the nucleolus
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contains the parts that make up organelles called ribosomes
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What is the function of the ribosomes
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construct proteins
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What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum
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manufactures molecules
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What is the function of the rough ER
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they manufacture molecules. they also have ribosomes attached to them that produce proteins
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What is the function of the smooth ER
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Lacks ribosomes but builds lipid molecules
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
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modifies stores and routes proteins and other chemical products to their next destinations.
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What is the function of the vacuoles
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store undigested nutrents
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What is the function of the lysosomes
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digest macromolecules such as proteins
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What is the function of the microtubules
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provide tracks for other organelles to move along and provide a cells structure
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What is the function of the microfilaments
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enable the cell to move or change shape when protein subunits slide past one another.
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What is the function of the flagella
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propels cell
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What is the function of the cilia
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moves cell with bach and forth motions
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