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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells? |
Interphase and mitotic phase. |
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Name three out of four things that happen during interphase. |
1. DNA is replicated and checked for errors in the nucleus. 2. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow and divide, increasing a number in the cytoplasm. 4. The normal metabolic processes of cells occur. |
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What is the first stage of interphase and what happens in this phase? |
G1. Proteins from which organelles are synthesized are produced and organelles and cellular contents replicate (apart from chromosomes); the cell increases in size. |
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What is the second stage of interphase and what happens during this stage question? |
Synthesis phase. DNA is replicated in the nucleus, each of the chromosomes is duplicated. |
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What is the third stage of interphase and what happens during this stage? |
G2. The cell continues to increase in size, energy stores are increased and the duplicated DNA is checked for errors. 2 options: repair or autolysis. |
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What happens during the G0 phase? |
The cell leaves the cycle, either temporarily or permanently. |
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Give two reasons for why the G0 phase occurs. |
1. Differentiation - the cell that becomes differentiated is no longer able to divide. 2. A damaged cell can no longer divide or the DNA of a cell may be damaged. |
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Give an example of a cell that can be stimulated to go back into the cell cycle and start dividing again after entering the G0 phase. |
Lymphocytes |
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It is vital to ensure a cell only devides when: |
1. It has grown to the right size. 2. The replicated DNA is error-free. 3. The chromosomes are in the correct positions during mitosis. |
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Why are checkpoints in the cell cycle important? |
They verify whether the processes at each phase of the cell cycle have been accurately completed before the cell is allowed to progress into the next phase. |
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What is the first checkpoint of the cell cycle and what happens if the requirements are met? |
G1 checkpoint - the sellers allowed to begin DNA replication. |
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When does the G2 checkpoint occur and what are the requirements of the cell to pass this point? |
It occurs at the end of the G2 phase and to pass this checkpoint, the DNA has to be replicated without error. |
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What is the final checkpoint in the cell cycle and what happens when this checkpoint is passed? |
Spindle assembly checkpoint - mitosis happens when this checkpoint is passed. |
