Biology Test 2

Front 1

Which is true regarding action potential?

Back 1

2 of above

Front 2

Which type of muscular tissue is characterized by many nuclei per fiber, striations, & voluntary control?

Back 2

Skeletal

Front 3

Which is true regarding a resting neuron?

Back 3

Cytoplasmic fluid contains more potassium ions than interstitial fluid

Front 4

Which neurotransmitter governs emotional states, body temp, sleep patterns, & endocrine activity? It's a neurotransmitter that makes us feel happy.

Back 4

Seratonin

Front 5

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus is____?

Back 5

Cell body

Front 6

Smooth Muscle:

Back 6

is found in the gut

Front 7

Which serves as a method to clean up the synaptic cleft following release of neurotransmitters?

Back 7

3 of above

Front 8

____ disease results in tremors caused by a dopamine shortage.

Back 8

Parkinson's

Front 9

Which is a stimulant?

Back 9

Crystal meth

Front 10

Which neurotransmitters helps the body respond to stress?

Back 10

Epinephrine

Front 11

Which of the following stem cell types are totipotent?

Back 11

Fertilized egg undergoing LESS than 4 divisions

Front 12

Name the tissue:

Back 12

Simple Cuboidal

Front 13

Name the tissue:

Back 13

Simple Columnar

Front 14

Name the tissue:

Back 14

Smooth Muscle

Front 15

Name the tissue:

Back 15

Adipose Tissue

Front 16

Name the tissue:

Back 16

Cartilage

Front 17

Name the tissue:

Back 17

Blood

Front 18

Name the tissue:

Back 18

Loose Connective

Front 19

Name the tissue:

Back 19

Dense, Irregular Connective

Front 20

Name the tissue:

Back 20

Skeletal

Front 21

Name the tissue:

Back 21

Bone

Front 22

Name the tissue:

Back 22

Dense, Regular Connective

Front 23

Which statements regarding a resting neuron are true?

Back 23

2 of above

Front 24

The influx of ___ triggered by an action potential that reaches the output zone leads to the release of neurotransmitter vesicles

Back 24

Calcium

Front 25

Conduction from node to node:

Back 25

is quicker type of nerve conduction & involves jumping of impulses

Front 26

Which part of the PNS relays info from receptors in skin to CNS, then delivers commands to brain to skeletal muscle?

Back 26

Somatic

Front 27

Which part of the brain governs respiration, sleep, wake cycle, circulation, swallowing, & defecating?

Back 27

Medulla Oblongata

Front 28

Which half of the cerebrum contains centers for artistic appreciation, music, & abstract concepts?

Back 28

Right

Front 29

Which ion is most concentrated in the extracellular fluid of a resting neuron?

Back 29

Sodium

Front 30

Which structure is located in the dermis?

Back 30

2 of above

Front 31

Which disease is linked to destruction of melanocytes?

Back 31

Vitiligo

Front 32

Which of the neurotransmitters is commonly released at neuromuscular junctions?

Back 32

Acetycholine

Front 33

Which leads to the release of the egg from the ovary?

Back 33

LH

Front 34

Excessive amounts of GH released during adulthood leads to _____.

Back 34

Acromegaly

Front 35

Which lobe of the pituitary is characterized by the presence of axonal endings that originated in the hypothalamus?

Back 35

Posterior

Front 36

A sudden drop in blood pressure would lead to the release of ____?

Back 36

ADH

Front 37

Which are secretions of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Back 37

None of above

Front 38

Which hormones cross plasma membranes & find receptors in the nucleus?

Back 38

Steroid Hormone

Front 39

What part of the brain is split during Sperry's Split Brain procedure?

Back 39

Corpus Collasum

Front 40

When is oxytocin released?

Back 40

During labor contractions

Front 41

When does a cell become pluripotent?

Back 41

When it undergoes more than 4 divisions

Front 42

What is a tissue?

Back 42

Group of cells performing a common task

Front 43

What does Lining Tissue (epithelial) cover?

Back 43

Outside of body and internal areas

Front 44

What does Connective tissue do?

Back 44

Binds things together and supports them

Front 45

What does muscular tissue do?

Back 45

Moves body parts (contracting & detracting)

Front 46

What does Nervous tissue do?

Back 46

Reacts to stimuli

Front 47

What is an organ?

Back 47

Group of tissues working together

Front 48

What is an organ system?

Back 48

Group of two or more organs

Front 49

What are the levels of organization?

Back 49

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Front 50

In ____tissue, one surface is free and the other adheres to a basement membrane.

Back 50

Epithelial Tissue

Front 51

___ epithelium is one-cell thick and may have flat squamous, cuboidal, or columnar cells

Back 51

Simple

Front 52

Simple _____ epithelium allows substances to diffuse through readily in areas like the lungs

Back 52

Squamous

Front 53

Simple _____ and simple _____ epithelium may contain cilia to move substances along, as in the oviducts

Back 53

Cuboidal & Columnar

Front 54

_____ epithelium has many layers and is found in regions that get much wear and tear-as in human skin

Back 54

Stratified

Front 55

What are glands?

Back 55

secretory organs derived from epithelium

Front 56

_____ glands often secrete through ducts to free surfaces; they secrete mucus, saliva, wax, milk, etc.

Back 56

Exocrine

Front 57

_____ glands secrete hormones directly into intercellular fluid by distribution by the blood.

Back 57

Endocrine

Front 58

_____ accounts for 95% of all cancers

Back 58

Carcinomas

Front 59

_____ supports epithelia and organs, and surrounds blood vessels and nerves; it contains fibroblast cells and fibers plus macrophages

Back 59

Loose Connective Tissue

Front 60

____ has thicker fibers and more of them, but fewer cells; it forms protective capsules around organs

Back 60

Dense, Irregular Connective Tissue

Front 61

____ has its fibers in parallel; this is the arrangement found in tendons and ligaments

Back 61

Dense, Regular Connective Tissue

Front 62

____ contains a dense array of fibers in a jellylike ground substance

Back 62

Cartilage

Front 63

Where do tendons connect?

Back 63

Muscle to bone

Front 64

Where do ligaments connect?

Back 64

Bone to bone

Front 65

____ muscle is composed of short, striated, branching cells that can function in units.

Back 65

Cardiac

Front 66

____muscle tissue contains spindle-shaped cells; it lines the gut, blood vessels, and glands

Back 66

Smooth

Front 67

____ are excitable cells, organized as lines of communication throughout the body

Back 67

Neurons

Front 68

____neurons receive stimuli and send messages to the brain

Back 68

Sensory

Front 69

____ store information and coordinate responses

Back 69

Interneurons

Front 70

____ neurons send signals to muscles or glands

Back 70

Motor

Front 71

____ are diverse cells that protect and metabolically support the neurons

Back 71

Neuroglia

Front 72

The ____divides the coelom into the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

Back 72

Diaphragm

Front 73

When a stimulus reaches a certain _____ gated channels open and sodium rushes in

Back 73

minimum threshold

Front 74

Action potentials are _____ events-at any given time, a neuron is either resting or excited

Back 74

All-or-Nothing

Front 75

When _____ in one region is ended, the sodium gates close and potassium gates open

Back 75

Depolarization

Front 76

The ____ membrane pumps also become operational to fully restore the resting potential

Back 76

Sodium-Potassium

Front 77

Action potential is ______ and moves away from the stimulation site to adjacent regions of the membrane undiminished

Back 77

Self propagating

Front 78

A brief _____ period follows at each depolarization site-sodium gates shut, potassium gates open

Back 78

Refractory

Front 79

____ is a junction between a neuron and an adjacent cell, separated by a synaptic cleft into which a neurotransmitter substance is released

Back 79

Chemical synapse

Front 80

The neuron that releases the neurotransmitter molecules into the cleft is called the ______ cell.

Back 80

Presynaptic

Front 81

_____ causes the vesicle to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron

Back 81

Calcium

Front 82

Neurotransmitters may have ______ effects if they drive a cell's membrane to the threshold of an action potential

Back 82

Excitatory

Front 83

Neurotransmitters may have ______ effects if they help drive the membrane away from the threshold

Back 83

Inhibitory

Front 84

Both _____ and epinephrine are neurotransmitters that prime the body to respond to stress

Back 84

Norapinephrine

Front 85

_____ affects fine motor control and pleasure-seeking behaviors

Back 85

Dopamine

Front 86

____ is a small neurotransmitter derived from the amino acid tryptophan, which affects mood and memory

Back 86

Serotonin

Front 87

____ drugs stimulate the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in the sense of pleasure

Back 87

Addictive

Front 88

____increase alertness and attentiveness

Back 88

Stimulants

Front 89

____ and caffeine block Ach receptors

Back 89

Nicotine

Front 90

_____increases the sense of pleasure by blocking reabsorption of norapinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

Back 90

Cocaine

Front 91

_____increase dopamine, serotonin, & norepinephrine, reducing appetite and energizing users

Back 91

Amphetamines

Front 92

______ (ecstasy) and crystal meth are ampethamines

Back 92

MDMA

Front 93

_____slow motor responses by inhibiting Ach output

Back 93

Depressants

Front 94

____ nerves (31 pairs) connect with the spinal cord and innervate most areas of the body

Back 94

Spinal

Front 95

_____ (12 pairs) connect vital organs directly to the brain

Back 95

Cranial

Front 96

___ nerves increase overall body activity during times of stress, excitement, or danger

Back 96

Sympathetic

Front 97

____ nerves tend to slow down body activity when the body is not under stress

Back 97

Parasympathetic

Front 98

What color matter contains the cell bodies, dendrites, unsheathed axons, and neuroglia?

Back 98

Gray

Front 99

What color matter contains myelin sheathed axons and neuroglia?

Back 99

White

Front 100

____ acts as a reflex center for maintaining posture and coordinating limbs

Back 100

Cerebellum

Front 101

___ integrates sensory input and selected motor responses

Back 101

Cerebrum

Front 102

____ relays and coordinates sensory signals

Back 102

Thalamus

Front 103

____monitors internal organs and influences responses to thirst, hunger, and sex

Back 103

Hypothalamus

Front 104

___ lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex-main receiving area for signals from the skin and joints

Back 104

Parietal

Front 105

____ lobe has centers for vision

Back 105

Occipital

Front 106

____ lobe is a processing center for hearing and houses centers for influencing emotional behavior

Back 106

Temporal

Front 107

____ system governs our emotions and has roles in memory

Back 107

Limbic

Front 108

____ cortex allows us to correlate organ activities with self-gratifying behavior such as eating and sex

Back 108

Cerebral

Front 109

____is a pea sized gland connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk

Back 109

Pituitary gland

Front 110

____ of the pituitary gland consists of nervous tissue and releases two neurohormones made in the hypothalamus

Back 110

Posterior lobe

Front 111

___stimulates the adrenal cortex (ACTH)

Back 111

Adrenocorticotropin

Front 112

___ stimulates the thyroid gland (TSH)

Back 112

Thyroid Stimulating

Front 113

___stimulates egg formation in females and sperm in males (FSH)

Back 113

Follicle Stimulating

Front 114

___ also acts on the ovaries to release an egg and on the testes to release sperm (LH)

Back 114

Luteinizing

Front 115

____ acts on mammary glands to sustain milk production

Back 115

Prolactin

Front 116

___ acts on body cells in general to promote growth (GH)

Back 116

Growth Hormone