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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid
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compound that gives up a proton when dissolved in a solution |
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activation energy
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lowest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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adhesion
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attraction between molecules of different substances |
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amino acid |
molecule that makes up proteins; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur |
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atom |
smallest basic unit of matter |
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base |
compound that takes up a proton when dissolved in solution |
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carbohydrate |
molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; includes sugars and starches |
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catalyst |
decreases activation energy and increase reaction rates in a chemical reaction |
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cohesion |
attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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compound |
substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a set ratio |
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covalent |
chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
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electron |
negative charge |
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element |
substance made up of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
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endothermic
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chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
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enzyme
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protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
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exothermic |
chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat |
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fatty acids |
hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid |
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glycerol
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hydrogen bond
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attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
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ion |
atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
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ionic |
chemical bond formed between oppositely charged ions |
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lipid |
nonpolar molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils |
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monomer |
molecular subunit of a polymer |
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monosaccharide
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only working monomer of a carbohydrate
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neutron
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no electric charge |
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nucleic acid
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polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms |
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nucleotide |
monomer that forms DNA |
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nucleus
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organelle made up of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA |
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pH scale |
measurement of acidity |
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polar |
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polymer |
large carbon based molecule formed by smaller subunits called monomers |
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products |
substance formed by a chemical reaction |
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protein |
polymer made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
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proton |
positive charge |
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reactants
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substance changed by a chemical reaction |
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solution
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mixture that is consistent throughout |
