Biology Test 1

Front 1

Anecdotal evidence

Back 1

informal observation that has not been systematically tested (based on personal experiences)

Front 2

Peer Review

Back 2

Independent scientific experts read over studies of other authors before publication to make sure they are appropriately designed and interpreted to weed out sloppy research and overstated claims

Front 3

Theory

Back 3

Hypothesis that has never been disproved

Front 4

Testable

Back 4

Can be proven or rejected by experiments

Front 5

Falsifiable

Back 5

Can be ruled out by showing that the hypothesis does not support explain the observation (can not be opinions or use of supernatural and mystical explanations)

Front 6

Experimental group vs. Control group

Back 6

the experimental group goes through the designed experiment while the control group does not in order to rule out any factors that could effect the experiment and cause errors (get a placebo)

Front 7

epidemiology

Back 7

study of things in nature that cannot directly be manipulated (a disease that takes over populations or the movement of stars or the nature of prehistoric life)

Front 8

randomized clinal trial

Back 8

when people of a population are divided and one group receives and experimental treatment while the other receives a placebo and they are observed for long periods of time. Often expensive and can be difficult to get people to stick to a regimen for a long time. Can also be unethical if the results might cause harm

Front 9

Cohesion

Back 9

hydrogen bonding between water molecules is strong enough to defy gravity, allowing water to flow up stems. It also supports insects living on top of water (surface tensions)

Front 10

Adhesion

Back 10

partital charges on water molecules allows them to bind to many surfaces like leaves that collect water for organisms that live on them

Front 11

ribosome

Back 11

Complex of RNA and protein that carries out protein synthesis

Front 12

nucleus

Back 12

contains genetic material in eukaryotes

Front 13

Gram-positive

Back 13

bacteria with a cell wall that includes a thick layer of peptidogylcan that retains the Gram stain

Front 14

Gram-negative

Back 14

bacteria with a thin cell wall of peptidoglycan as well as an outer lipid membrane that does not retain the Gram stain

Front 15

Mitochondria

Back 15

responsible for important energy-conversion reactions in eukaryotes. rod shaped, the size of some bacteria, bound by a double membrane of two phospholipid bilayers. thought to have been produced from endosymbiosis.

Front 16

ER

Back 16

series of passages which is an outgrowth of the nuclear envelope in which proteins and lipids are synthesized

Front 17

Golgi Apparatus

Back 17

made up of stacked membrane-enclosed discs that package proteins and prepares them for transport

Front 18

lysosome

Back 18

filled with enzymes that can degrade worn-out cellular structures

Front 19

cytoskeleton

Back 19

a network of protein fibers that provides structure and facilitates cell movement (eukaryotes)

Front 20

chloroplast

Back 20

thought to have arisen from endosymbiosis. site of photosynthesis. includes protein chlorophyll which is responsible for the green color of plant tissues