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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phases of cell cycle |
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis |
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Phases of interphase |
G1, S, G2 |
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When is DNA copied during cell cycle |
Interphase |
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What is binary fission |
Method prokaryotic cells use to reproduce |
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Why do small cells function better than large cells |
Volume increases more faster than surface area as cell grows |
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How are traits passed |
Through alleles |
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Incomplete dominance |
When heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes (example when a plant w/ white flowers is crossed w/ plant w/ red flowers result is pink flowers) |
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Codominance |
When both alleles are expressed in heterologous condition (example sickle cell disease) |
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Diploid |
Cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes |
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Haploid |
Cell with 1n number of chromosomes |
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What is made during processes of mitosis |
Zygotes, which grow into females or males |
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Mitosis results in |
2, diploid cells |
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Meiosis results in |
4 haploid cells |
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Mitosis cells are |
Genetically identical |
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Meiosis cells are |
Genetically different |
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Mitosis occurs in |
Somatic (body) cells |
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Meiosis occurs in |
Gamete cells |
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What does DNA look like |
Double helix |
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What is DNA replication |
When parental DNA separates and serves as templates to produce 2 daughter DNA, which can then separate to produce 4 DNA |
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After replication describe 2 new strands of DNA |
One parent strand and one new strand |
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What are 3 types of RNA |
Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA |
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What is transcription |
Process that synthesizers mRNA from DNA (takes place in cytoplasm) |
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What are stem cells |
Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells under the right conditions |
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How many chromosomes in human karyotype |
23 pairs of chromosomes |
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Nucleotide |
Subunits of nucleic acids and consist of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, thymine, or guanine) |
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DNA molecule |
Molecule that carries most of genetic instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction |
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Chromosome |
DNA containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another |
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Nucleus |
Control center of cell that contains coded directions for production of proteins and cell division |
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Ribosome |
Organelle that is sight of protein synthesis |
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Cell |
Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms |
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Where does translation occur |
In ribosomes |
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What is chargaff's law |
C=G and T=A |
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What are homologous chromosomes |
Chromosomes that make up a pair, one chromosome from each parent |
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Steps of scientific method |
Ask a question, form a hypothesis, collect the data, analyze the data, report conclusions |
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Original source for almost all energy in a food web |
The sun |
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What are biotic factors |
Living factors in organisms environment (animals, plants, algae, etc.) |
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What are abiotic factors |
Nonliving factors in an organisms environment (temperature, sunlight, soil type, rainfall, etc.) |
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What is a prokaryote |
Cells without a nucleus of other membrane bound organelles |
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What is a eukaryote |
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes |
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What role do decomposing bacteria play in the environment |
They break down dead organisms by releasing digestive enzymes |
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What does logistical growth curve look like |
S shaped, carrying capacity |
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What does an exponential growth curve look like |
Backwards L |
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Why do cyclins regulate |
Bind to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases in the stages of interphase and mitosis to start the various activities that take place in the cell cycle |
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Artificial selection |
Process of directed breeding to produce offspring with desired traits |
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Natural selection |
Some competitors in the struggle for existence are better equipped for survival than others and those less equipped will die |
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Evolution |
Cumulative changes in groups of organisms throughout time |
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Speciation |
Allopatric speciation: a physical barrier divides one population into 2 or more populations; sympatric speciation: a species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier |
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Adaptive radiation |
Can occur in a relatively short time when one species gives rise to many species in response to the creation of a new habitat or another ecological opportunity |
