Biology - Photosynthesis And Respiration

Front 1

How does photosynthesis work?

Back 1

Chlorophyll in the chloroplast absorbs the sunlight.

Front 2

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Back 2

Carbon dioxide + water ----> glucose + oxygen

Front 3

Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?

Back 3

Endothermic. Energy is transferred from the environment when the light is absorbed by the chlorophyll.

Front 4

What is the process for photosynthesis?

Back 4

Carbon dioxide is taken in by the leaves, and water is taken up by the roots.

The chlorophyll traps the light energy needed for photosynthesis.

This energy is used to convert the carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

Front 5

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

Back 5

Leaves are broad and flat so they have a large surface area and they are thin so that the diffusion path is short.

the guard cells open the stomata so that gases can diffuse in and out of the air spaces inside the leaves.

The photosynthetic cells in the leaves contains chlorophyll.

the veins contain xylem, which bring water to the leaves, and phloem which takes the glucose away.

Front 6

What can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Back 6

A lack of light slows down the rate because like transfers energy for the process.

Temperature due to enzymes.

Carbon dioxide levels.

Front 7

What are the uses of soluble glucose?

Back 7

It can be:

Converted into insoluble starch for storage.

Used for respiration.

Converted into fats and oils for storage.

Used to produce cellulose which strengthen cell walls.

Used to produce proteins.

Front 8

Why is glucose stored as an insoluble starch?

Back 8

So that it does not affect the water balance of the plant as it may affect the concentration gradient.

Front 9

What is required to make protein from glucose?

Back 9

Mineral ions.

Front 10

How do farmers make photosynthesis efficient?

Back 10

They use greenhouses and polytunnels.

The temperature is maintained at the optimum for enzymes.

carbon dioxide levels are increased so that they do not become and limiting factor.

Artificial lighting can be used to extend the hours of photosynthesis.

The levels of nutrients such as nitrate ions must be monitored.

Front 11

What are hydroponics?

Back 11

Growing plants in a solution of mineral ions instead of soil.

Front 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages of greenhouses?

Back 12

They are expensive, but higher yields mean more profits.

Front 13

What type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

Back 13

Exothermic.

Front 14

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Back 14

In the mitochondria and it is controlled by enzymes.

Front 15

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Back 15

Glucose + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water

Front 16

How is the energy from aerobic respiration used?

Back 16

To build larger molecules from smaller ones.

To enable muscle contraction.

To maintain a constant body temperature.

Active transport.

to build sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids and then proteins.

Front 17

What happens when you do exercise?

Back 17

Your muscles need more energy.

The heart rate increases and the blood vessels supplying the muscles dilate.

Your breathing rate and depth of breath increases.

Front 18

How is glucose stored in muscles?

Back 18

As glycogen.

Front 19

What's the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Back 19

Glucose ------> lactic acid

Front 20

What is caused by a buildup of lactic acid?

Back 20

Oxygen debt.

Front 21

How can oxygen debt be removed?

Back 21

Oxygen reacts with lactic acid to produce carbon dioxide + water.

Front 22

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

Back 22

Glucose -----> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Front 23

What is the name for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Back 23

Fomentation.

Front 24

What are the most common metabolic reactions?

Back 24

Glucose to starch, glycogen, or cellulose.

Fatty acids and glycerol to lipids.

Glucose and nitrate ions to amino acids.

Amino acids to protein.

Respiration and photosynthesis.

Breakdown of excess proteins in the Liver to form urea.

Front 25

What happens in the liver?

Back 25

Excess amino acids are changed into urea. The amino group is removed from the amino acid in the process of deamination. This forms ammonia, which is then converted to urea.

Poisonous substances such as ethanol are detoxified and sent to the the kidneys.

old red blood cells are broken down and the iron is stored to make new red blood cells.

Lactic acid is transported in the blood to the liver to be converted into glucose.