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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
A molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the blueprint for you. |
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Nucleotide |
The building block of DNA. It has the nucleic acid and the side part in it. |
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Chromosomes |
Tightly coiled strands of DNA that are found in the nucleus of our cells. Each body has 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. |
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Gene |
An uninterrupted segment of DNA. Is located in chromosomes. |
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Dominant vs. Recessive |
Dominant genes win over recessive. Ex. R = brown r = blue RR = brown Rr = brown rr = blue |
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Mitosis |
Unicellular paramecium splits to form two identical organisms. Occurs in body cells and is responsible for growth and cellular repair. |
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Meiosis |
The process of forming gametes or sex cells. In meiosis, cell division occurs two times and the genes are shuffled up so the new cells aren't identical. |
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Asexual Reproduction Advantages and Disadvantages |
Advantages: - in environments that don't change much - ability to reproduce without a partner - lots of new organisms quickly Disadvantages: - conditions become unfavorable, species could go extinct |
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Sexual Reproduction Advantages and Disadvantages |
Advantages: - lots of variation Disadvantages: - a lot of energy - a lot of time |
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Artificial Selection |
The process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits to produce offspring that have the desired traits. Humans have practiced this since we first began to farm 10 000 years ago. |
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Charles Darwin |
A scientist that lived in the 1800's and realized that |
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Theory of Natural Selection |
- all organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive - incredible variation within species. - some variations, by chance, help the offspring survive, while others are born with disadvantages. - individuals that do not get the survival traits die off. |
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Artificial Insemination |
The method of artificially joining a male and female gamete. |
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Vitro Fertilization |
Sperm is inserted directly into the egg. |
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Cloning |
The process of creating genetically identical copies of a plant or animal. |
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Cloning Plants |
"Cutting" allows for the cloning of plants. Part of the original plant is cut off and planted to grow into a new and identical plant. |
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Genetic Engineering |
Refers to any technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism. |
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Splicing |
Genes are inserted into DNA by humans. |
