Biological Diversity

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Biological diversity

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The variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes of which they are part; ecosystem diversity, community diversity, and genetic diversity are the three main components.

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Biotic

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Living things or once living component of a ecological community.

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Population

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Group of individuals of the same species living in an area

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Niche

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The role of an organism or species in an ecosystem, including where it lives, what it eats, how it reproduces, and how it interacts with other living and non-living things

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Decomposer

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An organism, espescially a soil bacterium, fungus or invertrebrate, that decomposes organic material

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Commensalism

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The relationship between species in which one species benefits, and the other species neither benefits nor is harmed

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Interspecies competition

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Two or more species using the same limtied resource

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Variation

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A change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits

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Heritable Characteristics

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Characteristics that are transmitted from generation to generation, such as eye colour

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Continuous Traits

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Traits such as body weight or height in which a series of types are distributed.

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Budding

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A type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth, or bud, on the parent

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Cutting

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Cutting a branch of a plant and placing it in the right nutrients to grow again

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Runners

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A plant sends vines either above ground or under ground to grow another plant

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Tubers

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Thickened underground part of the stem or rhizome to grow the next plant

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Bulbs

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The resting stage of a plant that will form into a plant

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Suckers

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A plant that lets the leaves of the plant touch the ground and makes roots of the plant

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Gametes (Egg Cells, Sperm Cells)

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A sex cell, either female or male, that can unite with another to form a fertilized cell ( zygote) that can develop into a new in dividual

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Cleavage

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Cell division, especially of a fertilized egg

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Pollination

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The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

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Chromosome

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A structure in which DNA is arranged and along which genes are located

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Mitosis

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A type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell

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Purebred

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Referring to a plant or animal that has ancestors all the same form of a trait

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Recessive Trait

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A trait that goes down the purebred family line for generations to be bred for that specific trait

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Extirpation

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Extinction of an organism from a specific region

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Habitat Destruction

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When a habitat has been destroyed, the plants, animals and other organisms that occupied that habitat. Populations decline and extinction becomes more likely

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Biotechnology

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The exploitation of biological processes

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In-Vitro Fertilization

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Fertilization that happens outside the body, usually in a petri dish; used in livestock breeding

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Ex-Situ Conservation

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The maintenance of organisms outside of their ecosystems or natural habitats; an endangered species maintained in a zoo is an example

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Interspecies

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Arising or occurring between species; "interspecies hybrid" Mule for example

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Abiotic

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Not derived from living species, non living things like a rocks

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Community

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A group of populations of different species living in the same area

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Producer

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Producer is an organism, either a green plant or bacterium, which is part of the first part of the food chain

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Predator-Prey

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A predator is an organism that eats the prey and keeps it in check. The prey is an organism that get eaten by the predator, For example a lion eats a zebra

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Mutualism

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The relationship between species in which both species benefit

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Resource Partitioning

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Division of a resource among two or more coexisting species such that the niche of species differs slightly

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Natural Selection

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A process in which the environment "selects" which will survive and reproduce

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Non-Heritable Characteristics

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Characteristics caused by the environment, such as tanned skin due to exposure to sunlight

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Asexual reproduction

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Reproduction without the fusion cells, resulting identical offspring and parent

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Spores (Reproduction)

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A cell produced by asexual reproduction in certain organisms such as ferns, which can develop directly into an adult

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Fertilization

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The union of a female sex cell and a male sex cell

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Embryo

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An undeveloped organism in it's beginning stages

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Cross-Fertilization

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The joining of a gamete from a pollen grain and a gamete from an ovule to form a zygote

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Gene

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A segment of DNA, located at one particular place on a chromosome, which determines a specific characteristics of an organim

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Meiosis

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A type of cell division that produces four sex cells from one parent cell; each sex cell contains half the genetic material of the original cell

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Hybrid

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An organism produced by crossing two individuals purebred for different forms of a trait

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Incomplete Dominance

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A pattern of inheritance seen when two different alleles are present at the at the same gene location, but neither is dominant; for example, in pink snapdragons, both a white-flower allele and a red-flower allele are present and both influence flower colour

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Endangered

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Species that are in danger of being extinct like the giant panda

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Invasive Species

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A plant or animal species that not native to a specific location. Believed to cause danger to that environment

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Cloning

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A genetically identical copy of an entire organism or of its cells or genes; cloning is the process of creating a clone

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Genetic Engineering

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Intentional altering of the DNA of an organism

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Intraspecies

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Arising or occurring within a species; involving the members of one species.

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Species

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Living things of the same kind that are able to reproduce successfully

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Ecosystem

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A particular environment where living things interact with other living things and non-living things

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Consumer

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A person or animal that eats or uses things for example a deer consumes grass

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Symbiosis

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The relationship between two different species

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Parasitism

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The relationship between two different species which one species benefits and the other species is harmed

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Artificial Selection

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Breeding by humans of plants and animals with desirable traits to produce offspring with those desirable traits

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Discrete Traits

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Characteristics like tongue rolling that one parent or both parents can do

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Binary Fission

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A type of asexual reproduction in a amoebas and other organisms in which a parent cell divides exactly into identical cells

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Vegetative Reproduction

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A type of asexual reproduction that does not involve the formation a seed

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Sexual Reproduction

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Reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material between two individuals resulting in offspring that are genetically different from the parents

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Zygote

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Fertilized egg

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Pollen

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Fine yellow powder on the anthers of flowers, consisting of grains that contain male sex cells (gametes) for example pollen in the spring flowers

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material found mainly in the nuclei of cells of living things

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Allele

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Possible form of a gene

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Traits

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Characteristics of an organism

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Dominant Trait

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Outward form observed when two opposite acting allele are inherited

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Extinction

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No longer in existence on the planet example Dinosaurs, Saber tooth Tigers

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Overspecialization

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Species has adaptions for a small set of environmental conditions, which leaves it vulnerable to exctintion

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Artificial Insemination

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Artificial collection of sperm and injection of sperm from a male into a female used in livestock breeding

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In-situ Conservation

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Maintenance of wild organisms within their function ecosystems