Biology Midterm Exam 1

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Scientific Metheod

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1. State the problem/question

2. Form a hypothesis

3. Experiment

4. Collect and interpret data (Graph etc.)

5. Conclusion

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Title

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the effect of iv on dv

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Hypothesis

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Educated guess "If and then statement"

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Independent Variable

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variable the scientist changes during an experiment

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Dependent Variable

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variable that responds to change during an experiment

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Control

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variable that is used for comparison

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Constant

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variable that are kept the same

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Cells

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All organisms are made of __________. (1st Characteristic of life)

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Reproduction

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asexual and sexual are types of ________. (2nd characteristic of life)

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Energy

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Cells and living things obtain and use _______. (3rd characteristic of life)

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Adapt

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Cells ________ to their environment. (4th characteristic of life)

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Grow and develop

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Cells ________ and ________ in order to live. (5th characteristic of life)

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Organization

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Cells use ________ to form. (6th characteristic of life)

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Respond

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Cells_____________ to their environment. (homeostasis) (7th characteristic of life)

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Levels of organization

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cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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abotic

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nonliving things, rocks, soil, water, and air

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biotic

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living things, organisms

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gram

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Unit of Mass

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meter

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Unit of Length

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Liter

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Unit of Volume

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Kilo

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K in KHDUDCM

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Hecto

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H in KHDUDCM

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Deca

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D in KHDUDCM

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Unit

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U in KHDUDCM

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Deci

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2nd D in KHDUDCM

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Centi

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C in KHDUDCM

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Milli

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M in KHDUDCM

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Atoms

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basic unit of matter

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Elements

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any material that is composed of only one type of atom

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Molecule

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2 or more atoms bound together

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Isotopes

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Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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Compounds

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2 or more molecules bound together

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water

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universal solvent, cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, less dense when frozen

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covalent bonds

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electrons are shared

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ionic bonds

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electrons are transferred

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hydrogen mixture bonds

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2 or more elements/compounds evenly distributed but not chemically combined

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solutions

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uniformly dissolved, usually see through

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suspensions

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large clumps of molecules floating/suspended in a liquid

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solute

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substance being dissolved, sugar or kool-aid

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solvent

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substance doing dissolving, water

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Cabohydrates

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saccahrides; starches and suars; mono, di, and polysaccahrides; -ose

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nucleic acids

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nucleotides; DNA/RNA

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Proteins

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amino acids (in; -ine); enzymes (-ase)

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Lipids

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3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol; fats/oils

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Hydrolysis

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water is used to break down a molecule

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Hydration Synthesis

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water is released to make a bigger molecule

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Enzymes

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biological catalysts; used to speed up chemical reactions in the body

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exothermic

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chemical reaction that releases heat

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endothermic

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chemical reactions that absords heat

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anabolism

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chemical reactions that build compounds and molecules

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catabolism

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chemical reactions that break down compounds molecules

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metabolism

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the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

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Francisco Redi

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First to challenge the idea of Spontaneous Generation

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Robert Hook

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Coined the term "Cell"

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Schleiden

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all plants were made of cells

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Virchaw

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new cells are produced from exsisting cells

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Hans and Zacharias Janssen

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invention of the microscope

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Anton Vanleewanhook

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Used a single lens microscope

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Spallanzani

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believed that spoil food come from air

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Schwann

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all animals were made of cells

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Louis Pasteur

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Disproved spontaneous generation, with his new method of pasteurization

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Cell Theory

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1. All living organisms are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of life

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

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Prokaryotes

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'Ancient Cells'

first forms of life on earth

simple cells

single celled organisms e.g. yeast and bacteria

no nucleus

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Eukaryotes

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'Modern Cells'

These cells make up the orgism we mostly recognize

more common

more complex

many cell parts

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Cell Membrane

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controls what goes in and what comes out of the cell

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cell wall

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only found in plant cells, function is to provide support and protection to the cell

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cila

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allows the cell to move

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cytoplasm

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liquid that fills the cell, all organelles float here, and chemical reactions occur here

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nucleus

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'control center'

stores DNA and RNA

controls the function of the cell

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nucleolus

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ribosomes are made here

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vacuole

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stores water, waste, and food

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lysosome

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helps in digestion and removal of waste

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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helps in transportation of materials inside the cells

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Smooth ER

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moves the materials through the cytoplasm

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Rough ER

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helps in protein synthesis

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Mitochondria

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"Power House" provides energy (ATP molecule)

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Chloroplast

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found in plants only

performs photosynthesis

contain chlorophyll

makes carbohydrates

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Centriole

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only found in animal cells

involved in cell reproduction

pulls the genetic info towards the poles of a dividing cell

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Ribosomes

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Protein synthesis

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Golgi apparatus

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packages and directs the protein where they are needed